During the middle Stone Age (MSA) [280,000 - 25,000 years ago], evidence of trade and interactions between Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan & Kenya) and the Arabian Peninsula has been uncovered, with sites like Al Wusta in Saudi Arabia and Jebel Faya in the United Arab Emirates showing similarities in stone tool technology and suggesting exchanges of materials and ideas across the Red Sea. Obsidian from Ethiopian sources has been found at archaeological sites along the Arabian Peninsula, indicating that early human groups were capable of traversing the Red Sea or using coastal routes.
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