THE BABYLON FORTRESS

The Babylon Fortress in Old Cairo holds significant historical, strategic, and religious importance. Originally built by the Romans, the fortress was located near the Nile, providing a strategic point for controlling river traffic and defending the region. Its position made it crucial for maintaining Roman control over Lower Egypt, particularly for protecting the province’s valuable agricultural resources.

The fortress also became an important center for early Christianity in Egypt. Following the Roman Empire’s adoption of Christianity, several churches and monasteries were built around the fortress, including the renowned Hanging Church, one of Egypt’s oldest Christian churches. This area became a central hub for the Coptic Orthodox Church, contributing to its religious prominence.

In 641 CE, the Babylon Fortress played a pivotal role in the Islamic conquest of Egypt. After a lengthy siege, the fortress fell to Muslim forces under the general Amr ibn al-As, marking a decisive moment in Egypt’s transition to Muslim rule. This conquest led to the founding of Fustat, which eventually merged with other settlements to form modern Cairo.

Today, the remains of the Babylon Fortress are part of Old Cairo, a district rich in religious and historical significance. Surrounding sites, such as the Hanging Church, the Coptic Museum, and the Ben Ezra Synagogue, make the area a key destination for exploring Egypt’s Christian, Jewish, and Islamic heritage. Thus, while Cairo itself was never called Babylon, the fortress remains an integral part of the city’s historical narrative.