Fela Anikulapo Kuti's Legendary Performance

On November 21, 1986, Afrobeat legend Fela Anikulapo Kuti performed at Parkzicht in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Fela, known for his electrifying shows and powerful socio-political messages, enthralled the audience with Afrobeat rhythms, politically charged lyrics, and Egypt 80's dynamic presence.

This concert followed his 1985 prison release after serving time on political charges.

The Parkzicht show is iconic for Fela's international performances, using music to advocate for social justice and human rights.

Photo Credit: Frans Schellekens/Redferns.

#Africa

LET'S PUT THE RECORD STRAIGHT

Circulating the internet is some fabricated DNA study using roughly 650bc skeletal remains from roughly 3 bodies near what is now called Cairo. No random sample of the 42 states in that federal nation. No history of how those few straggling/interloping population from outside Africa got there.  No appreciation of the actual time Kmt was a federal nation nearly 4000 years earlier.

They claim this proves ancient Kmt (now called Egypt) was founded by Whites. Remember ancient Kmt started as a civilization 6000 years earlier than 650bc. In fact an indigenous calendar was in place since before 4241bc.

This is why you must be experts on your own history. Tell our children...

Why does not North Africa's majority Nile River's population not still look like these 4 pictures below of the Blacks in that region? Why are Arabs there now---ruling over North African land the size of the United States? How did they get it? How did so many Africans lose everything and become "converted" to Arabs culture and language, and dress, and religion, and families, and values---everything?

African continental history is not complex. There are three paths it has taken: (1) flowering indigenous Black African civilization, (2) invading Greco-Roman Christian then the whole of Europe, and (3) invading Arab Islamic seizing North Africa. Like a magnet broken in half, the Black populations converted (mentally, culturally, philosophically, spiritually and psychologically) to being European and Arabic, then turned against indigenous African civilization. But, the Nile Valley indigenous African civilizations (the apex being African Kmt) are at the heart of all subsequent continental African civilizations.

The indigenous Black masses in North Africa along the Nile River and its delta were initially neither Christian nor Muslim—these are the religions of the invaders who methodically “converted” the Black populations as they century-by-century defeated them and took their land, lives and mental/moral liberties. Initially, indigenous Africans supported neither the Copts (offspring of the White interlopers who kept remnants of Kmt’s language), the Romans, nor the Arabs. Since the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Roman predatory occupations, Nile Valley belief systems and religions were in disarray, were not written down, were transported and transmitted by oral tradition, and were decimated by invasion after invasion.

This was the first nadir—the lowest point—of African Nile Valley civilization: thoroughly defeated by force of arms, whipped into servitude, bent and broken, on the run, not fighting for political/economic/cultural or social independence, burdened by the extraction of tribute, tax, and the open theft of these Greek, Roman, Assyrian and Persian occupiers in North Africa, easily defeated by these invaders after Kmt’s “Last Pharaoh” Peraa Taharqa’s (690-664BC) defeat 1300+ years earlier. When the Arabs showed up with their rusty swords, Islam, and a way of life adapted from deserts Africans recognized them believing they would get the Romans and their oppression off of their backs. The Arabs did get the Romans off their backs; but they then replaced the Romans on their backs.

Therefore, the fight for what was Kmt (now Egypt), in the seventh century North African delta region, was essentially a war between Arabia and Rome (Arabs and Europeans) starting in 639AD. Indigenous Africans were defeated on the sidelines—sporadically fighting as unpaid mercenaries for which ever organized invader enlisted them. 

Tossed in the balance was what became called Egypt, then North Africa, then later the carving up of the whole of Africa at the Berlin conference (1884-1885) after the holocaust of African enslavement. The victorious Arabs ended up seizing and occupying the land mass of the greatest civilization of antiquity: Ancient African Kmt (renamed Egypt).

In winning the war against Rome, the Arabs with their Islam put their name, face and counterfeit claim on the monuments, traditions, ancient achievements, history, and accomplishments of indigenous Africans for the next 1460+ years until present.

Today these invaders sell tickets to African monuments and pyramids (as if they built them) like the Spanish in Mexico and Peru sell tickets to the Aztec and Inca monuments of the great Native populations they defeated. ~ copied

PEOPLE: Knowledge of Sirius’ 50 Year Cycles!

When I was in my early 20s, I was reading an article in one of my favourite magazines called Simply Living. It had a feature on the Dogon People of Mali, central Africa, near Timbuktu, a tribe living in a jungle, who worshipped an Aquatic Deity or Fish God or Dolphin-like Being by the name of Nommo. Their main ceremony was every 50 years and it was in resonance with their knowledge of Sirius, a binary star system: they knew that Sirius B, one of the smaller stars circled the larger or main star, Sirius A, every 50 years!

This fact, according to Robert Temple, author of the classic Sirius Mystery, suggests that the Dogon Tribe had an apparent ancestral connection to advanced extra-terrestrial beings. Their ancient wisdom reveals a deep understanding of advanced astronomy, mathematics and anatomy prior to the existence of modern science and prior to the invention of the modern telescope.

The origin of this knowledge is claimed to hail from the elusive Nommo beings, spiritual figures highly revered by the Dogon as Water Spirits or Aquatic Deities. They are described as non-material, amphibious and serpentine, with green skin and long tails used to prop themselves upright while on land. Additionally, the Nommo were hermaphrodites, considered to have twin souls by the Dogon.

Temple proposed that the Nommo deities were the true identity of these extra-terrestrial beings, suggesting that they may have come from Sirius to Earth, bestowing the Dogon tribe with some of their advanced insight.

Robert Temple’s work is influenced by the research conducted by the French Anthropologists Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen, who first discovered the Dogon’s astronomical secrets after spending years gaining the trust of the Dogon priests in the 1930s to 1971.

Source: Jain 108 Academy

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The Great Wall of Benin (Edo)

The Walls of Benin, one of Africa's ancient architectural marvels, were destroyed by the British in 1897 during what has become known as the Punitive Expedition. This shocking act destroyed more than a thousand years of Benin history and some of the earliest evidence of rich African civilisations.

The walls were constructed between 800-1400 AD and when completed they have considered the world's largest earthworks carried out before the mechanical era. The walls were originally built to enclose the royal precinct of the King or “Oba” from the surrounding area. They were significant and on top of being artwork were constructed to play various roles such as protecting the people in the village from outsiders.

The walls are a testament to the development of urbanization and the upswing of state societies in Sub-Saharan Africa, a period of growth that lasted from the 7th century to the 14th century.

The Guinness Book of Records (1974 edition) described the walls of Benin City located now in Nigeria as “the world’s largest earthworks carried out prior to the mechanical era.”

The Edo people of Benin have always been revered as trailblazers and skilled workers who were also noted to have created magnificent bronze sculptures, ivory and wood carvings amongst others from as early as the 7th century. Their creations were so spectacular that they were looted mainly by the British and even after lots of resistance, they are still displayed in museums across Europe and America.

This is considered the only photo of the wall..

IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT SONGHAI EMPIRE

The Songhai Empire was a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th centuries. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. Initially, the empire was ruled by the Sonni dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced by the Askiya dynasty (1493–1591).

In the second half of the 14th century, disputes over succession weakened the Mali Empire and in the 1430s Songhai, previously a Mali dependency, gained independence under the Sonni Dynasty.

Sonni Ali reigned from 1464 to 1492. In the late 1460s, he conquered many of the Songhai’s neighboring states, including what remained of the Mali Empire. He was arguably the empire’s most formidable military strategist and conqueror. Under his rule, Songhai reached a size of over 1,400,000 square kilometers.

The internal political chaos and multiple civil wars within the empire allowed Morocco to invade Songhai. The main reason for the Moroccan invasion was to seize control of and revive the trans-Saharan trade in salt and gold. The empire fell to the Moroccans and their firearms in 1591.

The empire’s power was linked to economic trade; their government system granted authority to local chiefs as long as they did not undermine Songhai policy and tightly controlled labor division system.

#Black #Africa #History

MANSA MUSA

Mansa Musa was a wealthy West African ruler who ruled a massive portion of the continent in the 14th century. According to researchers, Musa is considered to be the wealthiest person in history. Estimated to have been born in the year 1280 or so, Musa Keita I rose to lead the Mali Empire after the disappearance of his predecessor, Abubakari Keita II, presumably at sea.

Taking the title Mansa, which roughly translates to “King,” Musa began his 25-year rule in the year 1312. The sprawling lands that he controlled also contained portions of modern-day Gambia, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and other nations.

On a Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 AD, Mansa Musa  brought so much gold with him that his visit resulted in the collapse of gold prices in Egypt (kemet) & Arabia. It took 12 years for the economies of the region to normalize.

HISTORY LESSON

In the 7th century, when Prophet Muhammad and his followers were being persecuted in Mecca, the Christian King of Axum (Aksum) offered them refuge in what is known as the first Hijra, which occurred in 615 AD.

This event took place six centuries before the birth of Mansa Musa, 1,000 years before the birth of Shaka Zulu or the creation of modern Germany 🇩🇪, and three ìjn before William the Conqueror invaded England 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 in 1066. 

The first Hijra in 615 AD occurred long before Charlemagne the Great was born. Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was born in 747 or 748 AD, more than 130 years after the first Hijra.

This fact of history contradicts several stereotypes about Black history, particularly the notion that African civilizations were isolated or lacked interaction with the broader world before European colonization. It challenges the myth that Islam and Christianity only entered Africa through colonization, highlighting Africa’s early engagement with both religions. The First Hijra illustrates Africa’s role as a place of refuge and diplomacy, refuting the idea that African societies were culturally inferior or static. Additionally, the timeline underscores Africa's rich and dynamic history, well before iconic European figures like Charlemagne or William the Conqueror.

The BAJA PEOPLE OF THE NILE

According to Strabo (63BC-23AD),  the Baja were a Black-skinned people who were used to raiding and pillaging on the fringes of the desert. "The Baja, were a people around the Nile in Egypt and the Sudan, fond of daggers, swords, scimitars and camels; their hair was made curly by a hot knife" (instead of weaving the hair, like the male Luwata and Gatuleg). They 'were as black as tar' and weren't "good to have as a friend or foe". 

These were among some of the ancient tribes that made up what was most of north Africa before the coming of the Persians, the Assyrians(during the reign of Ashur banipal), the Greeks, the Romans, the Hyksos and the coming of the Caucasoid groups known today as the Arabs in the 3rd century CE, a situation that intensified in the 7th and 8th century CE with the spread of Islam and Arab slave trade as well as the trans-saharan trade.

The effects of concubinage, Barbary slavery, migration and earlier encroachments of Europeans into Africa, especially, contributed greatly in altering the population of the northern parts of Africa. For example, Mulai Ismael of Merknes, brought into north Africa 25,000 European slaves who participated in the building of his colossal stables. 

These groups later became the dominant groups in north Africa after the fall of the African Maghrebs in Iberia and Africans lost control of trade routes in the Mediterranean in 1492 CE, as well as the resultant effects of the Turks takeover of Constantinople and later the whole of Byzantium. 

During the peak era of the Arab slave trade, the Muslims often received European women as homage from traders and caliphs in Granada, Cordova etc, which were brought into north Africa and the Arabian peninsula. The African male of the Soudan who  fall under the burden of the slave trade were castrated to avoid procreation.

These groups were fewer in number than the enslaved Europeans in north Africa before the 15th century CE, but the focus on mostly Black-skinned people began in the later parts of the 15th century CE, as Europe became more organized along national lines and could shift the tides of slavery. 

#History #Africa #African

ZAMBIA

Zambia 🇿🇲 will forever be the Best Tourist destination country & the most Friendly Country in Africa.

Zambia has everything a Tourist need, talk of wildlife, landscapes, cuisines, natural wonders, freedom, Rich culture, rich history and many more.

This is a typical Bird Nest design copied from the swamp birds that design this design of Nest mainly found in thorn trees, you can't find thes designs elsewhere in Africa when you find them elsewhere just know they copied from Zambia 🇿🇲, These Nests are only found in Zambia and it is the pride of Zambia the real Africa 🤝🏼 🌍.

They are beautiful from inside out, if you want to have that vacation holiday try visiting Zambia, you will think about relocating to Zambia. Have you ever Wondered why Zambians don't like to travel out of the country? Zambia is rich in everything so why travel and to do what?

Source: Luckson F Mvula 

Chisa Busanga, Zambia 🇿🇲

THE QUEENS OF HAUSA LAND BEFORE THE DOMINANCE OF MEN

Queen Kufuru is the earliest monarch that ruled the Hausa people, that we know of, dating to either the 5th or 6th century of the Common Era. The Hausa people are among the largest in Africa by population size. The Hausa matriarchal queens that ruled the Hausa people were called Kabara, or Magajiya.

The Kano Chronicle gives a list of matriarchal monarchs that was said to have culminated and ended with the rule of Daurama II, the last Kabara of Daura. The palace of the Kabara dynasty is called the Daurama palace after the last female monarch.

Daura, in Katsina state, northern Nigeria, is the oldest city of Hausaland. It holds historical significance within the Hausa culture. The Hausa of Gobir, also in northern Nigeria, are believed to speak the oldest surviving classical vernacular of the language.

Daurama palace is the oldest palace in Hausaland. The Kabaras are said to have ruled the Hausa City states with headquarter at Daura, which included Kano, Hadejia (Jigawa state), Daura, Katsina, Gobir, Zazzau (in northern Kaduna state Nigeria),  and Rano.

The pre-Islamic religion of the Hausa is called Bori. Some Hausa people still secretly practice it. While anthropologists classify Bori as animism, which is the belief that certain forces govern nature and living things, today we ourselves have given names to knowledge (scientia) of nature. These names have connotations that are more advanced and include for instance the water cycle, gravity, evolution, adaptation, genetic disorders, climate change, the biosphere etc. Animism is a phrase that fails to capture what they really believed and their practices. The Hausa in their crude way without modern methods of scientific enquiry were trying to use abstract thinking to understand, predict or tame the world around them. They believed their creator could not be contained or worshipped in physical buildings so they didn’t build temples. Rather they used hills and groves. So they didn’t waste time making monuments.

Religion is the manifestation of various high cognitive functions such as agent detection, etiology, perceiving ontology, inspiration, the mind, perceiving agendas and building social cohesion.

Hausa Land were in a crucial location to export their products and serve as middle men in the west to east and north to south trans-Sahara trade.

The Hausa developed various musical instruments: a one-stringed instrument called Goje, trumpets, kettledrums and Kalangu talking drums. (Other instruments Kalangu is also called Karbi, or Dondo; Garaya, Ganga) Traditional Hausa music falls into two broad categories: rural folk music and urban court music. Along with genres, the Hausa people produced music for various occasions: court music, music to celebrate births, and marriages, music to accompany religious ceremonies of the Bori religion.

List of Kabaras:

Kufuru (also known as Kofano)(c. 500)

Ginu (also known as Gufano)

Yakumo (also known as Yakwano)

Yakunya (also known as Yakaniya)

Wanzamu (also known as Waizam)

Yanbamu

Gizir-gizir (also known as Gizirgirit or Gadar Gadar)

Inna-Gari (also known as Anagiri)

Daurama I(also known as Daura)

Ga-Wata (also known as Gamata)

Shata

Fatatuma (also known as Batatume)

Sai-Da-Mata (also known as Sandamata)

Ja-Mata

Ha-Mata

Zama

Sha-Wata 

Daurama II (c. 900).

Sources:

1. Palmer, H. R (1908). Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1908.

2. Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (3rd ed.). London: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 71. ISBN 9780786425624

Source: Taskar Afrika

Celebrating The Life of Michaela Mabinty DePrince: 𝐀 Life of Courage, Talent, and Triumph

Michaela Mabinty DePrince was a remarkable African woman who captured the hearts of many through her incredible journey from war-torn Sierra Leone to the stages of the world’s greatest ballet theatres. Her life story is one of courage, resilience, and triumph over adversity, reminding us of the power of hope and dreams.

Michaela was born in 1995 in Sierra Leone, a country in West Africa. She was born during the brutal civil war that tore her country apart. Her parents named her Mabinty, but tragedy struck early in her life. She lost her parents when she was just a little girl, leaving her an orphan in a country filled with violence, chaos, and hardship. Life as an orphan was tough, but Michaela faced an even bigger challenge. She was born with a skin condition called vitiligo, which caused white spots on her skin. In her orphanage, this condition made her a target of cruelty. People believed she was cursed and called her "the devil’s child."

Despite this painful treatment, Michaela never gave up hope. Her life changed one day when she saw a picture in a magazine of a beautiful ballerina on her toes. For the first time, Michaela saw something that made her dream. She wanted to be just like that ballerina, graceful and full of light. That picture became her source of inspiration in the darkest days.

In 1999, Michaela’s life took a new turn when she was adopted by an American family, the DePrinces. Michaela’s new mother saw her not as a child with a curse, but as a beautiful little girl full of potential. Michaela and her new family moved to the United States, where she was given love, care, and the chance to follow her dream of becoming a ballerina.

Starting ballet lessons was not easy. Michaela had faced so much pain and rejection in her young life, and even in America, people doubted her. Some teachers told her she would never succeed as a ballerina because she was Black. Ballet, they said, was not for girls like her. But Michaela was not the kind of person to give up. She trained harder, pushed herself, and refused to let anyone tell her what she couldn’t do.

Michaela’s hard work and determination paid off. She began to gain attention for her incredible talent. Her dedication to ballet led her to train at some of the best schools in the world, including the prestigious American Ballet Theatre and the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School. 

In 2012, Michaela became one of the youngest dancers to join the Dance Theatre of Harlem. She then joined the Dutch National Ballet in the Netherlands, where she continued to shine as a soloist. Michaela performed in iconic ballet roles such as "The Nutcracker" and "Cinderella." Audiences everywhere admired her grace, strength, and ability to bring magic to every performance.

Her journey from an orphan in Sierra Leone to a celebrated ballerina on the world stage was not only a personal victory but a symbol of hope for many young girls, especially those from Africa, who dared to dream big. Michaela became a role model, showing that no matter where you come from or what challenges you face, you can achieve greatness.

Michaela was more than just a dancer. She used her platform to speak out about issues that mattered to her, especially the rights of children. She became an advocate for orphans and children affected by war, drawing attention to the suffering she once experienced herself. Through her story, Michaela inspired people to care about children in difficult circumstances, and she worked tirelessly to raise awareness.

Her influence extended beyond ballet and activism. Michaela also co-wrote a book with her mother called « Taking Flight: From War Orphan to Star Ballerina », where she shared her powerful story. Her life was turned into a documentary called « First Position », which followed her and other young dancers as they chased their dreams.

Michaela Mabinty DePrince’s life, though short, was filled with immense beauty and inspiration. Her story touched the lives of many people around the world, especially young African girls who saw in her the possibility of a brighter future. Her life was proof that no matter how dark our past may be, we can create a beautiful and meaningful future with courage, hope, and determination.

Michaela passed away, leaving behind a legacy that will forever be remembered. Though she is no longer with us, her light still shines in the hearts of those who were moved by her journey. Michaela’s story will continue to inspire generations to come. We celebrate her for the remarkable woman she was — a woman of grace, strength, and unshakable hope.

Her passing reminds us of the fragility of life, but also of the powerful mark one person can leave on the world. Michaela Mabinty DePrince will forever be remembered as a warrior who danced through life, turning her pain into beauty and leaving the world better than she found it.

Ancient Name Of Africa

Before the European settled for the word Africa, the continent was called many other names. They include Corphye, Ortigia,Libya, and Ethiopia, Alkebulan.

Other names such as the land of Ham (Ham means dark skins), mother of mankind, the garden of Eden, Kingdoms in the sky, and the land of cush or kesh (referring to the Cushites who were ancient Ethiopian) were used.

No one knows the source of the names for sure. However, the theories below shed some light on how this second largest continent got its new name.

Roman theory:

Some scholars believe that the word originated from the Romans. Romans discovered a land opposite the Mediterranean and named it after the Berber tribe residing within the Carnage area, presently referred to as Tunisia. The tribe's name was Afri.

Weather theory:

Some believe that the name was coiled from the continent's climate. Deriving from aphrike, a Greek word that means a land free from cold and horror. A variation of the Roman word aprica, which means sunny, or even the Phoenician word afar, which means dust.

Africus Theory:

This claims that the continent derived its name from Africus. Africus is a Yemenite chieftain who invaded the northern part in the second millennium BC,It is argued that he settled on his conquered land and named it Afrikyah.

Phoenician Theory:

Another school of thought suggests that the name is derived from two Phoenician words friqi and pharika. The words mean corns and fruits when translated. Hypothetically the Phoenician christened the continent as the land of corns and fruits.

Alkebu-lan “mother of mankind” or “garden of Eden”.” Alkebulan is the oldest and the only word of indigenous origin. It was used by the Moors,Nubians, Numidians,Khart-Haddans (Carthagenians) and Ethiopians.

There is little or no certainty on the source or meaning Africa. Several scholars have tried to explain the origin of the word, but none is convincingly correct.

#Africanhistory #Blackhistory  #Knowthyself #Blackhistory365

THE KINGDOM OF MUTAPA

The Kingdom of Mutapa was spread across Southern Africa, from the Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers to the Indian Ocean. It encompassed what is now Lesotho, South Africa, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

It is believed that a warrior prince from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe established the Kingdom of Mutapa.  Trade with India was vibrant at the hight of the Kingdom of Mutapa.

📸: Depiction of Mutapa and Stone ruin from Mutapa.

KWAME NKRUMAH OSAGYFO

We are honoring and celebrating the birth of a lengendary foot soldier Osagyfo DR. Kwame N’krumah. Osagyfo was the man who broke the chain of colonialism in Africa and that was when he led  Ghana 🇬🇭 to independence.

He was a man who dedicated himself to the total liberation of the continent of Africa and its descendents in the diaspora. That is why he said “I am not an Africa because I was born in Africa but I am an African because  Africa was born in me” this quotation goes beyond Africa.

Despite leading Ghana to independence he regarded Ghana as a district on the continent, because his dream was about the total liberation of Africa. That is why he said in his independent day speech “Our independence is meaningless unless it links with the total liberation of the African continent” Osagyfo dream and vision was one Africa, one army, one flag, one borderline and official language, unfortunately Osagyfo was overthrown in a international conspiracy and later suffered from mysterious skin cancer. May his memory and legacy live on.

The Pan Africanist Fraternity will always be remember, celebrate and honor as one of the greatest sons of the soil.

#Africa #Ghana #History

BLACK HISTORY

Famous well known Greeks (Europeans) whom we study their history and writings, studied at the feet of Ancient Egyptian (Kemet) 🇪🇬 scholars at the Temple of Waset founded 1405B.C (15BC Cent) & also in Timbuktu Temple in now Mali 🇲🇱.

Phil Plato was a student at Waset Temple for 11yrs. Also, Aristotle was a student there for 11-13 years. Socrates spent at least 15 years at the same temple; likewise, Euclid studied for 10-11 years at the same temple. Pythagoras spent 22 years there.

Ancient Scholars in Egypt began keeping records as far back as 4000 to 3000 BC same with the people of now sub-saharan Africa. Several Europeans also studied in Timbuktu Temple where most researches were carried out.

Hippocrates studied in Waset for 20 years, plus a host of other little known Greeks who matriculated at Waset, among whom are Diodorus, Solon, Thales, Archimedes, and Euripides. With other scholars from Abyssinian (now Ethiopia), Nubia (Sudan) and from several Sub-Saharan tribes.

Greek scholar, St. Clement of Alexandria, once said that if one were to list out the names of all the Greeks who studied under Egyptian tutors, a 1,000 paged book won’t be enough. Even Herodotus mentioned it, same with Plato and Aristotle some learning in Timbuktu Temple.

Most of the scholars above also performed several researches at Timbuktu Temple in ancient Mali. The truth is that it took at least 40 years to graduate from Waset, meaning none of the Greek scholars mentioned above even graduated. 

In 332 BCE, Alexander the Great invaded Egypt (kemet) under military power. Greek Philosopher Aristotle and his fellow Greek cohorts stole many archives of Egypt and burned what they could not decipher & Timbuktu was attacked by the Moroccan Empire in the mid-17th century CE during the battle of Jenné.

During the Battle of Jenné the now Malians won by retaliating against the Moroccans on April 15 1599 chasing them out of their territory. 

#Africa #Black #History

MANSA MUSA

Mansa Musa was a wealthy West African ruler who ruled a massive portion of the continent in the 14th century. According to researchers, Musa is considered to be the wealthiest person in history. Estimated to have been born in the year 1280 or so, Musa Keita I rose to lead the Mali Empire after the disappearance of his predecessor, Abubakari Keita II, presumably at sea.

Taking the title Mansa, which roughly translates to “King,” Musa began his 25-year rule in the year 1312. The sprawling lands that he controlled also contained portions of modern-day Gambia, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and other nations.

On a Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 AD, Mansa Musa  brought so much gold with him that his visit resulted in the collapse of gold prices in Egypt (kemet) & Arabia. It took 12 years for the economies of the region to normalize.

ROBERT BERKELEY (BOB MINOR)

Robert Berkeley (Bob Minor) (1884–1952) was an American artist and political cartoonist known for his caricatures and social commentary. In 1925, he drew a notable caricature reflecting the shift in political forces during that period.

While the specific artwork is not widely known today, political cartoons in the 1920s often depicted themes such as the rise of new political ideologies, class struggles, and the impact of industrialization on society.

Minor was also involved in political activism, and his work often mirrored his views on labor movements and social justice, making his caricatures a sharp critique of the changing political landscape.

In relation to this image, only Africa seems to fail to satisfy this prediction.

THE MELANIN

Melanin is awesome and protected the ancestors of humans. It’s not a “race”.

The dark pigmentation protects from DNA damage and absorbs the right amounts of UV radiation needed by the body, as well as protects against foliate depletion. Foliate is water soluble vitamin B complex which naturally occurs in green, leafy vegetables, whole grains, and citrus fruits. Foliate is needed for normal sperm production in men. Furthermore, foliate is essential for fetal growth, organ development, and neural tube development. Foliate breaks down in high intense UVR.  Dark-skinned women suffer the lowest level of neural tube defects.

Dark skin is primarily influenced by the production and distribution of eumelanin, a dark pigment, by melanocytes. Tyrosinase, an enzyme crucial for melanin synthesis, plays a key role in this process. According to research, individuals with dark skin have higher levels of active tyrosinase, resulting in increased production of eumelanin.

Light skin, on the other hand, is characterized by reduced levels of eumelanin and higher levels of pheomelanin, a lighter pigment. This is attributed to lower tyrosinase activity, leading to decreased eumelanin production. Pheomelanin is less effective at protecting against UV radiation, hence individuals with light skin are more susceptible to sun damage.

Albinism is a genetic condition caused by various mutations that affect the genes involved in melanin production, including the tyrosinase gene. It is associated with high levels of tyrosinase inhibitors. These mutations can lead to a partial or complete absence of melanin, resulting in little to no pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes.

Albinos are therefore not the ancestors of white people. Having high levels of tyrosinase inhibitors produces the light skin tone but the cause of albinoism is different to the reason for other “white” skin tones.

Determining the exact timeline of when white skin first emerged is challenging due to limited scientific evidence. The emergence of lighter skin tones is believed to have occurred gradually over tens of thousands of years as human populations migrated and settled in different regions. It is estimated that white skin pigmentation began to emerge in Central Europe around 8,000 to 6,000 BCE. The spread of lighter skin to Western Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa likely followed, but the specific timing and extent of this process can vary based on population dynamics, migration patterns, and natural selection pressures.

According to specialist scientists, the knowledge of the genetics of skin tones in Africa is less mature than the knowledge of the genetics of skin tones in Europe. This is due to academics having dedicated a higher volume of research to European specimens. Scientists have found that genes which they thought are only present in “white Europeans” and which they thought were indicators of “whiteness” exist in some black Africans too.

African Albinos are beautiful Africans; they are not cursed. There are also albinos in Europe, Asia such as fashion model Connie Chiu and America. It is just caused by being born with high levels of tyrosinase inhibitor.

Our black skin is not some kind of indication that we can’t govern ourselves. People need to learn facts about the world so that they don’t internalised racism. 

References:

[1] Jablonski, N. G. (2004). The evolution of human skin and skin color. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 585-623.

[2] Rees, J. L. (2003). Genetics of hair and skin color. Annual Review of Genetics, 37, 67-90.

#Africa #Black #History

BLACK HISTORY

Akhenaten and Nefertiti are one of the best attested royal couples known in Kemet history. Unlike his predecessors Akhenaten wasn't military oriented and took on the role of a spiritual leader. Instead of conducting religious rituals in dark temples, Akhenaten made it to where worship festivals were now performed under the hot rays of Ra (sun).

In order for one to comfortably participate in these festivals it was conducive for you to pocess an abundant amount of melanin in your skin. Melanin itself serves as protecting mechanism for the DNA on our skin cells by blocking out UV radiation.

In Africa the UV exposer is much higher than other location so the autochthonous population had no issues being out in the sun for a considerable amount of time.

#Black #Africa #History