THOMAS SANKARA

On this day 75 years ago, Africa's Best President Ever was born.

In 4 years, Thomas Sankara Built 350 schools, roads, railways without foreign aid, Increased the literacy rate by 60%. Banned forced marriages, Gave poor people land, Vaccinated 2.5 million kids, Planted 10 million trees, Stopped French imperialism.

Thomas Sankara only had $350 in his bank account, a cheap Renault 5 car, 4 bikes, 3 guitars, a refrigerator, and a broken freezer at the time of his death.

Before his tenure, Ministers used Mercedes Benz cars. He sold them and bought cheap Renault 5 cars for them to save costs.

Thomas Sankara refused to have his portraits hung publicly. He renamed the country, Burkina Faso (Land of Honest Men) and composed the National Anthem.

He reduced the salaries of Government officials including his own.

He withdrew Burkina Faso from the IMF.

Thomas Sankara banned female genital mutilation.

He was murdered by his best friend, Blaise Compaoré who ruled Burkina Faso for 27 years (1987 to 2014).

He became Burkina Faso's President at the age of 33 in 1983, and served until he was murdered on October 15, 1987.

COMRADES THOMAS SANKARA AND FIDEL CASTRO

Comrades Thomas Sankara and Fidel Castro. Castro is Awarding Sankara the Order of Jose Marti, 1984

The great revolutionary leader Thomas Sankara was murdered in a coup on October 15, 1987.

Sankara became the first president of Burkina Faso in 1983. His administration initiated a radical, anti-imperialist and anti-IMF program that included nationalizations, infrastructure building, promoting education and advancing the rights of women.

After 4 years in power he was assassinated during a military coup. Tragically, despite their popularity, many of his reforms were undone. 

“Imperialism is a system of exploitation that occurs not only in the brutal form of those who come with guns to conquer territory. Imperialism often occurs in more subtle forms, a loan, food aid, blackmail . We are fighting this system that allows a handful of men on earth to rule all of humanity."

"Comrades, there is no true social revolution without the liberation of women. May my eyes never see and my feet never take me to a society where half the people are held in silence. I hear the roar of women’s silence. I sense the rumble of their storm and feel the fury of their revolt." ~Thomas Sankara

The Upright Man 🇧🇫 🇧🇫 🇧🇫 🇧🇫 🇧🇫 🇧🇫

Thomas Sankara was so popular among his people that even in death, his people still loved and adored Him. A note was left at his graveside which reads ''Do not worry, Mama Sankara, we will avenge the death of your son, we are all Sankaras".

Sankara lived a brief but eventful life. Born in December 1949 and died at the age of 38 in October 1987. Sankara was President of Burkina Faso from 1983-1987. When he assumed power, the country had been named Upper Volta but he changed the name of the country to Burkina Faso which means a land of upright people. Thomas Sankara was an upright man by all standards, he believed so much in equality and he was a strong feminist who would always stand to defend the women folk.

Thomas Sankara's death Is one that is filled with lessons for humanity, Sankara was not quite pleased with happenings in the country at the time. Too many things were going wrong, so he invited 13 others at the National Headquarters so as to discuss the way forward but it went out that that will be the last meeting.

The meeting began at 4:15 p.m. at the National Headquarters, They Had Hardly Begun The Meeting When Gunshots Were Heard Outside at 4:30 p.m. Exactly, Two Personal Bodyguards of Thomas Sankara and the Personal Driver of Sankara Were The First To Taste Death That Day, The Shooting Continued and Everyone In The Meeting Had No Choice But To Take Cover, Sankara Immediately Thought Of A Way He Could Save The The Life Of Everybody In That Room As at This Time, His Aide Was Still By His Side ,He Famously Said:

"Step aside, it is me they want," with both hands raised up and without any weapons on him, he went out to meet those whose sole purpose was to assassinate him, immediately he stepped his foot outside, it looks like the sight of Thomas Sankara angered the killers even more as they riddled his body with hot bullets. The actual numbers of bullets which penetrated his body were not known, because he was shot beyond recognition..

If what he did was to save those within the room, if he believed that after the killers must have murdered him, they will leave, he was wrong, The killers went to the room where the meeting was held and they sprinkled bullets as if they played in a movie. Everyone lost their life that day except for a certain Alouna Traore, his longtime friend and colleague Blaise Compaore who assumed his position after Sankara's assassination.

It was a clear case of betrayal on the part of Compaore because he assassinated Sankara. He denied his involvement in the killings as he said that he was at home at time and he was very sick, but all evidence to the fact that he gave the orders for those trigger happy men to kill Sankara. As if that was not enough, he assumed Sankara's position after his death. He had been in the plan all the way, he knew about it, the leaders of Africa and greed are indeed inseparable.

What's even more baffling was that when Sankara and Compaore met for the first time in Morocco, they immediately struck a bond of friendship. They seemed inseparable, hence when Sankara assumed the position of President, he made Compaore his deputy, but it was a fatal decision that would cut not just his political life but his true existence.

Source: African Voice

15 Interesting Facts You May Not Know About Mozambique🇲🇿

(1). Mozambique is home to one of the longest coastlines in Africa, stretching over 2,400 kilometers along the Indian Ocean.

(2). The country’s official language is Portuguese, but Mozambique is a multilingual society, with more than 40 indigenous languages spoken across the country.

(3). Mozambique was once a Portuguese colony and gained independence in 1975, with the country’s civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992.

(4). The country is known for its stunning beaches, especially in the Bazaruto Archipelago and the Quirimbas Islands, which are also important marine conservation areas.

(5). Mozambique is one of the world’s largest producers of cashews, with the country exporting large quantities of these nuts globally.

(6). The Gorongosa National Park is a UNESCO biosphere reserve and is considered one of Africa’s most important wildlife conservation areas, home to a variety of species including elephants and lions.

(7). Mozambique is famous for its seafood, including prawns, lobsters, and fish, with many dishes influenced by Portuguese and Arab culinary traditions.

(8). The country’s capital, Maputo, is a vibrant city known for its colonial architecture, bustling markets, and lively nightlife.

(9). Mozambique is one of the world’s largest producers of aluminum, and the Mozal aluminum smelter is one of the largest in Africa.

(10). The country has a rich cultural heritage, with traditional dances such as the "timbila" (a type of xylophone music) and "mapico" (a dance of the Makua people) being central to Mozambican culture.

(11). Mozambique is home to the African fish eagle, which is considered a national symbol and is often spotted around the country’s lakes and rivers.

(12). The island of Mozambique, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a historic trading post that played a significant role in the slave trade during the 16th and 17th centuries.

(13). Mozambique has a unique tradition of "piri-piri" sauce, a spicy chili sauce used in cooking, particularly with grilled chicken, a dish that has become popular worldwide.

(14). The country has a diverse range of ecosystems, from tropical forests and savannas to coastal mangroves and coral reefs.

(15). Mozambique’s Niassa Reserve, located in the northern part of the country, is one of Africa’s largest wildlife reserves and is home to many endangered species, including wild dogs and elephants.

#fypシ #mozambiquetourism #fy #maputo #foryou #maputomozambique #foryourpage #fypageシ

SO WHAT WAS AFRICA LIKE IN THE 14th CENTURY?

THE RENEGADES

It is estimated that over 1.5 million Europeans were enslaved in Africa. The slavery of Europeans in North  Africa started during the time of the Moorish rule in the 8th century  in the Iberian peninsula and only ended in the 1830s. Barbary Corsairs used to raid the coasts of Europe for slaves and also capture ships in the Mediterranean.

Renegades is the name given to European slaves or outcasts who converted to Islam and assimilated into North  African society. They often became Corsairs or mercenaries and sometimes even Sultans. In Europe they were considered traitors.

Examples of notable  Renegades in North Africa are Jack Ward, Zymen Danseker and Hayreddin Barbarossa.

Thomas Pillow a British boy was kidnapped and enslaved at the age of 10 when his ship was attacked in the Mediterranean. He was enslaved in Morocco for 28 years before managing to escape back to England. Pillow’s  book chronicles his many adventures during his years of slavery.

Look out for the upcoming Graphic Novel the 14th Century Africa which will bring Africa’s complex history to life. Subscribe in the link attached.

https://mailchi.mp/1cf7bbd163a0/the-14th-century-africa-new-graphic-novel

The Royal Crown of Timi of Ede

Oba John Adetoyese Laoye I, the 22nd Timi of Ede (1946-1975), proudly wore this stunning royal crown. During Queen Elizabeth II's 1956 visit to Nigeria 🇳🇬, Oba Laoye showcased the elegance of Yoruba culture by demonstrating the talking drum.

In 1962, he traveled to West Germany 🇩🇪 for a cultural exchange, exhibiting Yoruba arts and carvings. Later that year, he lectured on Yoruba traditional music in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe 🇿🇼), earning a standing ovation.

Ede, one of Yorubaland's oldest towns, was founded around 1500 by Timi Agbale, a hunter and warlord sent by the Alaafin of Old Oyo empire.

Photo Credit: Roy Sieber/National Museum of African Art (Source: Asiri Magazine)

#Africa

How Idi Amin Renamed Colonial Roads, Lakes & Mountains So As To Decolonise Uganda

On December 17, 1972, former president Idi Amin made a proclamation that led to the renaming of some of Uganda’s physical features such as national parks, lakes and roads.

The promulgation was made on national radio and television following a campaign he had started codenamed “Uganda’s economic war” in which he expelled Indians, Israelis and the British. Amin told the nation that he had decided to rename those physical features because their colonial names were insignificant to independent Ugandan.

“I have decided that Queen Elizabeth National Park shall henceforth be known as Rwenzori National Park and the Murchison Falls as well as the Murchison Falls National Park shall henceforth be known as Kabalega Falls and Kabalega National Park,” he announced.

“Kabalega is a name that is very important. The king of Bunyoro determinedly fought the British who were advancing into Uganda from Sudan and several battles routed them. It was only after the British had been on alliance with a neighbouring local king that Kabalega was finally subdued. Names like Kabalega have much more meaning for the people of Uganda than names like Murchison which are foreign and of whose origin and significance not many people in Uganda are aware of.”

Lake Albert was renamed Lake Idi Amin Dada while Lake Edward was renamed after his friend the president of Zaire, Mubutu Sese Seko. Lake Victoria was given back its Kiganda name, Nalubaale.

“In addition, we have decided to change the names of a number of roads in Kampala as follows,” Amin said.

“1. Prince Charles Drive becomes 25 January Avenue to signify the date of the birth of the second Republic of Uganda. You are aware that the battle for our nation was commanded from the command post which lies on the new 25 January Avenue and it is only fitting that a place that important in our country should be served by a road whose name has a real meaning in our national history.

2. Queen’s Road becomes Lumumba Avenue. As the people of Uganda and Africa know, Patrice Lumumba is one of the greatest Africans that have ever lived. He strongly fought against the imperialists and Zionists for the freedom of Africa. It was due to his courageous and uncompromising stand against these evils that he was assassinated. He was a strong national and international leader. It would be a good thing for all Africans to follow the teachings, practices and principles of Patrice Lumumba.

3. Salisbury Road becomes Nkrumah Road. Kwame Nkrumah as again you will be aware was another great African who tirelessly struggled against imperialism for the liberation of the whole of Africa. He was a firm advocate of African Unity and a great pan-Africanist. He greatly contributed to the founding of the Organisation of African Unity. We must honour his memory.

4. Rosebury Road becomes Nasser Road. Gamel Abdul Nasser fought the imperialists and Zionists until his death and that is why they always hated and feared him. We know that the fire of his teachings and beliefs still blaze strong in the whole of Africa, the Arab world, Asia and Latin America. We must remember his courageous stand for the freedom of Africa and the Arab world.

5. Hunter Road in Bugolobi becomes Luthuli Avenue. The late chief Albert Luthuli also courageously fought against the racists of South Africa and they kept him in jail for many years. He died an unnatural death and the circumstances of his death are still a mystery. He was awarded the Noble Prize in 1961.

6. Borup Avenue becomes Malcolm X Avenue. Malcolm X was a strong Afro-American political leader who bravely exposed and resisted the activities of the imperialists. He was assassinated because of his beliefs.

7. Kings Road in Nakasero will be Sukano Road. Dr Sukano was for many years president of Indonesia having guided that nation to independence. He was a strong anti-imperialist leader and he convened the first non-aligned conference which was held at Bandung.

8. Kings Avenue becomes Nehru Avenue. Pandit Nehru was the first prime minister of India which he led to independence in 1947.

He was imprisoned by the British rulers of Indian.

9. Harcourt Avenue becomes Kimathi Avenue. Dedan Kimathi was a very courageous nationalist and freedom fighter who as a Mau-Mau leader physically and for many years fought imperialism in Kenya until he was slain in battle.

10. Stanley Road becomes Akii-Bua Road: John Akii-Bua as you know was the first Ugandan to get a gold medal at the Olympic Games when he completed first in Munich in august this year. His performance was a world record. Which I know will stand for a long time.”

At the official renaming of Queen’s Road to Lumumba Avenue on January 18, 1973, Amin said: “It is time we took stock of ourselves with a view to restoring our cultural heritage, human dignity and respect which has hitherto been denied to us by forces of imperialism and their agents.”

“To fight against the forces of imperialism and Zionism; and to succeed in this fight, we must believe and practice true nationalism as our guiding principle.”

He also warned Africans never to forget that imperialists were in Africa for their own selfish interests and not for African interests.

“In addition, we have decided that subject to consultations with Kenya, Mt Elgon will be known as Mt Masaba. Although most of Lake Victoria is in Uganda, we shall make immediate consultations with our neighbours Kenya and Tanzania with a view to agreeing on a new name for Lake Victoria,” he said.

Because of that technicality, the name Lake Victoria remained unchanged. But later when the Kenyan government accepted Amin’s proposal, Mt Elgon was changed to Masaba Mountain.

“The changes in the names of roads, national parks and mountain I have announced tonight are only the beginning of what must be a concerted campaign to make similar changes in respect of all roads, institutions, etc. bearing colonial and imperial names in Uganda,” he said.

“I want to ask all urban and local authorities and institutions to make immediate arrangements to change meaningless foreign names of roads, streets etc. in their areas and to replace them with meaningful African or other names as indicated above. The proposal should be submitted to the Cabinet for approval before any road or institution is renamed.”

As a result of this decree, districts such as Rukungiri, Mbale and Arua have a road named Republic road or street after the Second Republic of Uganda.

It was also after this decree that roads in Uganda were named after Ugandans. In Rukungiri District, for instance, a road was named after Karegyesa, a former minister and Member of Parliament.

In Jinja District, many roads such as Nadiope, Luba (Lubas) and Gabula were named after local leaders and politicians.

Unfortunately, when Amin fell in 1979, most of the colonial names were reinstated.

Article by Faustin Mugabe, Daily Monitor Researcher/Historian.

ADEBAYO FALETI

Adebayo Faleti, a Nigerian playwright and veteran broadcaster, was born on the 26th of December 1930 in Agbooye, Oyo State but he lived in Obananko, Kuranga near Oyo State.

Adebayo is the first son of his father, Joseph Akanbi Faleti and the only child of his mother, Durowade Ayinke Faleti.

Adebayo Faleti, from an early age, was passionate about drama. He could not pursue his dream at that time due to a lack of funds.

As a result of this, he decided to suspend his primary education.

In order to actualize his dream, Adebayo proudly founded the First Operatic Acting Group in Oyo in 1949, with the support of his colleagues who shared the same dream.

Alagba Faleti later found his way back to school by getting a job in a primary school in which he worked for six years. During this period, he was able to raise enough funds for his secondary school education coupled with financial support from his father.

He was a pioneer teacher at Ife Odan near Ejigbo.

In 1966, Adebayo attended the University of Dakar in Senegal and obtained a Certificate of proficiency in French Language and Civilization. Two years later, he graduated from the University of Ibadan with an honours degree in the English Language.

In 1971, he attended Radio Netherlands Training Centre, Holland and received a certificate in Television Production.

He was one of the pioneer staff members at the First Television Station in West Africa, Western Nigeria Television (WNTV), now known as Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), Ibadan, where he worked as a newscaster and a television producer until the split of the cooperation after the creation of Ogun, Ondo, and the Oyo States out of the Western Region in 1976.

Adebayo Faleti, an 83-year-old poet, translated the Nigerian National Anthem from English to Yoruba when he was the General Manager of the Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (BCOS).

He initiated the broadcast of Islamic programmes during the Ramadan period and came up with the idea of having Mobile Father Christmas from village to village.

Adebayo, a custodian of the Yoruba culture, coined the Yoruba translation of Father Christmas to Baba Keresi. He is a successful Yoruba translator who helped to translate the speeches of military President Ibrahim Babangida, and Chief Ernest Shonekan, head of the National Interim Government from English to Yoruba.

Alagba Faleti, a brilliant and seasoned actor, has produced a number of Yoruba folklore length plays. He has also acted, produced and written several popular Yoruba plays. He has featured in landmark Yoruba movies like Saworoide, Agogo Eewo, Thunderbolt (Magun), Ite Oba, Basorun Gaa etc.

Adebayo is also known for the famous poems he has published. His poems include Ijamba Odo Oba, Alagbara Ile ati Alagbara Oko, Adebimpe Ojedokun and many more.

Adebayo, a man who is extremely knowledgeable about the Yoruba Culture, published a Yoruba dictionary showing the proper use of Yoruba names.

The Yoruba Legend, who has a unique way of wearing his cap (Fila), has received several awards, both locally and internationally. His awards include the National Honour, Officer of the Order of Niger (OON), the Festival of Arts awards with Eda Ko L’aropin 1995 and the afro-Hollywood Award for Outstanding Performance in Arts in 2002, to mention a few.

He died on 23 July 2017.

Continue to rest in peace Baba.

Things About The First Female Alaafin Of Oyo (must read)

(1). Oba Orompoto, seventh Alaafin, is the first and only female Alaafin of Oyo and  was known for her bravery.

(2). Her reign lasted from 1554 to 1562.

(3). She was the sister of her predecessor, Eguguoju. Orompoto assumed the throne because there was no male successor within the royal family at that time (better still, the available males were too young to rule).

(4). A fierce warrior; she was feared even by her male counterpart.

Coronation of Oba Orompoto as Alaafin

The mystery behind the coronation of Orompoto as the Alaafin of Oyo will forever remain a puzzle.

The Oyomesi who were in charge of installing a new Alaafin were not willing to crown Orompoto king. According to the Oyomesi, it was an abomination for a woman to rule over the empire.

In order to disqualify her from ascending the throne, she was given an ultimatum of seven days to become a man so she can be fit for the throne. Immediately after this pronouncement, Orompoto started dressing like a man wearing Agbada and fila (cap).

On the seventh day, Orompoto unveiled her upper part and it was completely flat, no breast! The Oyomesi were not impressed, they felt it was possible for a woman to have a flat chest.

So she went on to remove her trouser and according to oral tradition, not only did the Oyomesi see a male organ, a scrotum was seen dangling between her legs. Immediately, everyone dropped on their chest and chanted Kaabiyesi oooo – she was immediately enthroned the Alaafin of Oyo.

Oba Orompoto is regarded as the first transgender in history. She was popularly known as “the custodian of the vagina that kills evil plots”.

Source: Old Naija

KEN SARO WIWA

Ken Saro Wiwa, a literary icon and one of Africa's most acclaimed environmental activists, executed by dictator Sani Abacha on trumped up charges, triggering international outcry. 

In the gallows, the machine that was to execute him refused to function. It took five attempts for him to be executed successfully. His final words were: "Lord take my soul, but the struggle continues."

Witnesses who had been procured  by the state to testify against him later said they were bribed by Abacha's government and Shell Oil Company to bear false witness. Oil companies such as Shell colluded with ruthless African dictators such as Abacha to perpetrate corruption, environmental degradation and human rights abuses.

Abacha was one of the twentieth century's  most corrupt dictators embezzling public funds and abducting and executing dissidents. Fortunately he died before spending his loot. His family too has never  enjoyed  the ill-gotten wealth. They have spent most of their time in courts trying to stop the hunt and the seizure of their properties and billions. But African leaders are yet to learn. Many Abachas are still on the continent.

SOME FACTS ABOUT AFRICA YOU DIDN’T KNOW 🌍

(1). Modern Humans are believed to have originated in Botswana🇧🇼, within the past 200, 000 years ago, solidifying the "Out of Africa Theory.

(2). Equatorial Guinea 🇬🇶 is Africa’s only spanish speaking country.

(3). Morocco 🇲🇦 is the most visited African country.

(4). Nigeria 🇳🇬 has the richest Black person in Africa, Aliko Dangote.

(5). Samuel Eto’o 🇨🇲 was formerly the highest paid Footballer in the world, he received about £350,000 weekly in Russia in 2011.

(6). The nothern most part of Africa is Cape Angela in Tunisia 🇹🇳.

(7). Lesotho🇱🇸 is the only independent state in the world that lies entirely above 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) in elevation.

(8). There was a dinosaur discovered in Niger 🇳🇪, believed to have been there around 115 to 105 million years ago. It was named Nigersaurus.

(8). Burkina Faso 🇧🇫 is a leader in African art and culture and hosts the largest craft market in Africa.

(9). Nigeria 🇳🇬 has won more football cups than England.

(10). Zimbabwe’s 🇿🇼 former President, Robert Gabriel Mugabe was the world’s most educated President with 7 University degrees, two of them are Masters.

(11). Al-Ahly of Egypt 🇪🇬 is the richest football club in Africa.

(12). Didier Drogba 🇨🇮 is Chelsea’s highest goalscorer in European competition.

(13). Johannesburg, South Africa 🇿🇦 is the most richest city in Africa.

(14). Zinedine Zidane wanted to play for Algeria 🇩🇿, but the selector rejected him, saying they are already many players like him in the team.

(15). President Nelson Mandela 🇿🇦 is regarded as the well known person in the world.

(16). President Robert Mugabe 🇿🇼 was jailed for 11 years for fighting for freedom.

(17). Egypt 🇪🇬 was the first inventer of Paper and Ink.

(18). Equatorial guinea 🇬🇶 has the highest literacy rate in Africa, 95% (2020).

(19). In Rwanda 🇷🇼 There is a better gender equality than England 🇬🇧 and USA 🇺🇸.

(20). Somalia 🇸🇴 got its first ATM on October 7, 2014.

(21). South Africa 🇿🇦 has the most Grammy award winners in Africa.

(22). Ethiopia 🇪🇹 has the most airports in Africa.

(23). Ethiopia’s 🇪🇹 economy is growing faster than China’s.

(24). Eritrea’s 🇪🇷 President, Isaias Afwerki is the least richest President in Africa.

(25). Ethiopia 🇪🇹 is Africa’s oldest independent country, it has existed for over 3,000 years without being colonised.

(26). Haile Selassie 1 was the 225th and last Emperor of Ethiopia 🇪🇹.

(27). Nigeria 🇳🇬 has the most monarchs in the world.

(28). Angola 🇦🇴 has more Portuguese

speakers than Portugal 🇵🇹.

(29). President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos has ruled Angola 🇦🇴 since 1979.

(30). President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is Africa’s longest serving Head of State. He has ruled Equatorial Guinea since August 3, 1979 when he overthrew his uncle, Francisco Nguema. His son,Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue is his Vice President and will succeed him if he resigns.

(31). George Weah of Liberia 🇱🇷 is the first man to win World, European and African footballer of the year in the same year.

(32). Eswatini 🇸🇿 is the only remaining absolute monach in the world.

(33). The Gambia 🇬🇲 is the smallest country in Africa followed by Eswatini 🇸🇿.

(34). The first black African Gold medalist is Abebe Bikila from Ethiopia 🇪🇹, who won in 1960 after running barefooted.

(34).1. King Sobhuza II of eSwatini 🇸🇿, married 70 wives, who gave him 210 children between 1920 and 1970.

(35). Zimbabwe 🇿🇼 is the only country in the world where almost everyone was a billionaire at one point due hyperinflation.

(36). Kenya 🇰🇪 has the highest paid members of parliament. They are paid more than those even in oil rich countries.

(37). Botswana 🇧🇼 has the most valuable Diamonds and the richest diamond mine in the World, The Jwaneng diamond mine.

(38). Ghana 🇬🇭 was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence post-colonialism.

(39). Ghana 🇬🇭 was ranked as Africa's most peaceful country by the Global Peace Index. Lake Volta, in the Volta region of the country, is the world's largest man-made lake.

(40). Ugandans 🇺🇬 were ranked as the best English speakers in Africa (2017).

(41). Tanzania 🇹🇿 is the largest country in East Africa and includes the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia.

(42). Nigeria 🇳🇬 is the most populous country in Africa, with over 215 million population.

(43). Rwanda 🇷🇼 is now the largest producer of Coltan, mineral used to make tantalum using in mobile phones, camera etc.

(44). In 2009, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) 🇨🇩 had an estimated $24 trillion in untapped mineral deposits, including the world's largest reserves of coltan and significant quantities of the world's cobalt reserves.

(45). Malawi 🇲🇼 is home to the third largest lake in Africa, Lake Malawi.

(46). Malawi 🇲🇼 is the first tea producer in Africa at a commercial scale.

(47). Zambia 🇿🇲 relies on copper as one of its biggest exports.

(48). Zambia’s 🇿🇲 South Luangwa National Park has one of Africa's highest densities of big game.

(49). Kenya 🇰🇪 is the first and only African country to produce USA president, Barrack Hussein Obama.

(50). South Africa 🇿🇦 has the highest number of super-rich residents in Africa, with 38,400 dollar millionaires.

(51). Gambia 🇬🇲 produced the highest judge on the international court of justice fatou Bensouda.

(52). The highest mountain in Africa is the Kilimanjaro found in Tanzania 🇹🇿 and second highest in the world.

(53). The longest river in the world, the Nile starts from Uganda 🇺🇬 but it is controlled by Egyptian 🇪🇬 Government.

(54). South Sudan is the Youngest country after it was declared free and independent in July 2011 🇸🇸. She is rich in mineral resources and agricultural products, Petroleum among Others yet her citizens are poor.

(55). Cape Town🇿🇦 has been voted the best city in the world 7 times, On the Telegraph Travel Award.

(56). Liberia 🇱🇷 was the first African country to gain independence 1847.

(57). Cameroon 🇨🇲 is the first country in Africa to reach the quater finals.

(58). Environmentalist Wangare wa maathai of  Kenya 🇰🇪 was the first woman to win Nobel prize.

(59). Lesotho 🇱🇸 is land locked country inside south Africa.

(60). Sierra Leone 🇸🇱 is the country with oldest university with western style and also the oldest  church in in western Sahara.

(61). Seychelles 🇸🇨 is the most developed country in Africa.

(62). Madagascar 🇲🇬 is the wordl's largest producer of Vanilla. 

(63). Mozambique 🇲🇿 is the only one-word country name to feature all 5 vowels.

(64). Namibia 🇳🇦 is home to the world's oldest desert, Namib desert, dating back to 55 mya. 

(65). eSwatini 🇸🇿 has the world's oldest mine, Ngwenya mine.

JEAN-MICHAEL BASQUIAT

Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988) was a trailblazing artist whose work bridged the gap between street art and the mainstream art world. His early days in New York City were marked by his involvement in the graffiti scene, where he became known for his tag "SAMO" (Same Old Shit), which he used to deface public buildings, often accompanied by cryptic messages and social commentary. This early rebellion laid the foundation for his distinctive style that would later captivate galleries worldwide.

Basquiat's breakthrough came in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when he transitioned from street art to painting. His raw, expressive works, often filled with chaotic lines, symbolic imagery, and references to African American culture, caught the attention of the art world. He gained significant recognition when he exhibited at the Annina Nosei Gallery in 1982, a pivotal moment in his career.

Around this time, Basquiat became a part of New York City's burgeoning downtown art scene, which was also home to other influential artists like Andy Warhol and Keith Haring. His relationship with Warhol, in particular, was highly publicized and marked by collaboration and mutual admiration. Warhol's influence on Basquiat was profound, but it was also a source of tension, as Basquiat struggled with feelings of artistic insecurity and a desire to forge his own identity.

Basquiat's work was characterized by its vibrant color palette, abstraction, and intense symbolism. He often explored themes of race, identity, power, and the complexities of life as a Black artist in America. His untimely death at the age of 27 from a heroin overdose only added to the mythos surrounding him, but his influence continues to resonate in contemporary art today. His paintings are now highly coveted, and his legacy endures as one of the most important artists of the 20th century.

This portrait of Basquiat with Madonna, captured in 1982, is a snapshot of an iconic moment in both their lives—when they were both rising stars in their respective fields, before Basquiat's tragic death in 1988.

The great Chester Thompson turns 76 today

In 1975, after Peter Gabriel left, Phil Collins became the lead singer of Genesis.

Phil, as he had already demonstrated, had no problem singing while playing the instrument, but the audience needed to be given a frontman, especially after a cumbersome frontman like Gabriel.

But Collins wanted to continue playing live, so they reached a compromise: Phil had to be in front of the audience for the singing parts and he could return to his beloved drums for the instrumentals, but while he was singing they needed a valid replacement.

So they contacted former King Crimson Bill Bruford, but Bill was only available for one tour, so the choice fell on the American Chester Thompson, who also had a style closer to Collins.

Chester, except for a short period, accompanied Genesis on tour for 30 years as a second drummer.

His live baptism was in the 1977 tour, the drumming duets with Phil have made history and remain imprinted in the grooves of, in my opinion, the most beautiful Genesis live album, and not only, “Seconds Out”, a perfect and majestic album in which Phil and Chester’s performances have taught more than one generation of drummers.

Happy birthday Mr Thompson!

And listen to “Seconds Out”!

#chesterthompson #genesis #philcollins #secondsout #drummer

TUPAC SHAKUR

It was 1995, and Tupac Shakur was at the height of his fame. One night, backstage at the MTV Music Awards, he locked eyes with Janet Jackson, the pop icon. Their connection was instant, and they found themselves lost in conversation, sharing stories of their tumultuous lives.

As the night wore on, they slipped away from the chaos, walking along the beach, the waves crashing beneath their feet. Tupac poured his heart out to Janet, sharing his fears, his passions, and his dreams. She listened, entranced, her eyes shining with tears.

In that moment, they both knew they'd found something special. But their love was forbidden - Tupac was already embroiled in the East Coast-West Coast rap feud, and Janet's family didn't approve of his rough-around-the-edges reputation.

Despite the danger, they couldn't resist each other. They stole moments together, exchanging love letters and secret phone calls. Their love was fierce, all-consuming, and ultimately, doomed.

Tragically, their love story was cut short when Tupac's life was taken in a senseless act of violence. Janet was devastated, but she held on to the memories of their whirlwind romance, cherishing the love they shared, and the what-ifs that would forever haunt her.

Top Legend Singer Tracy Chapman in 2000 vs now 2024

Tracy Chapman emerged as a profound musical storyteller whose deeply introspective, socially conscious folk-rock transformed the musical landscape of the late 1980s and early 1990s, creating a body of work that was simultaneously intimate and politically revolutionary. With her breakthrough self-titled debut album featuring iconic tracks like "Fast Car" and "Talkin' bout a Revolution," Chapman crafted narratives that explored complex themes of economic struggle, social inequality, race, and personal resilience, using her distinctive rich, melodic voice and masterful acoustic guitar work to create music that was both deeply personal and universally resonant. Her extraordinary ability to distill complex social narratives into poetic, emotionally powerful songs established her as more than just a musician, but as a crucial cultural voice who used art as a mechanism for social commentary, challenging listeners to confront systemic inequalities and individual human experiences with empathy and depth. Chapman's musical style, which brilliantly merged folk traditions with contemporary social protest music, created a unique sound that defied easy categorization, blending elements of blues, rock, and acoustic storytelling into a powerful artistic statement that spoke directly to marginalized experiences and collective hopes for social transformation. Beyond her musical achievements, Tracy Chapman became a pioneering artist who demonstrated how music could be a powerful tool for social consciousness, using her platform to advocate for social justice, LGBTQ+ rights, and global humanitarian causes, establishing herself as a deeply principled artist whose work transcended commercial success to become a meaningful cultural intervention that continues to inspire generations of musicians and activists.

ESTHER OKADE

Meet Esther Okade, a 16-year-old Nigerian girl who is very smart. She is studying for a PhD in Financial Mathematics.

Esther started learning at a very young age. Her mother taught her at home from the age of three. By six, Esther was already taking big exams at a school in Wolverhampton.

Esther also wrote a book to help kids learn math. She dreams of owning her own bank one day.

#Africa

EFIK PEOPLE OF NIGERIA

The Efiks are an ethnic group situated in Cross River State of South Eastern Nigeria, With Calabar being the Capital as well as the ancestral seat of the Efik Homeland.

We are renowned for our cuisine, beautiful women and handsome men! Our distinct attire, and our general welcoming attitude! Our women are excellent homekeepers, and business women, who pay particular attention to our looks, even in old age, as they say "Efik women never grow old!"

During slavery, our people though small in number compared to other ethnicities, were taken to the Carribbean, namely Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Brazil, where evidences and traces of Efik Culture has stood the test of time. Cuba in particular housed the greatest number of Efiks, and the Efik language is still spoken, among the members of Abakua secret society, which is known as Ekpe in Calabar/ Nigeria, the exclusive use of Nsibidi, which was created by our Ejagham kin, who alongside the Efiks, formed the secret society Ekpe/Mgbe/Abakua.The Rumba and Abakua dance, is heavily influenced by the Efik dance Ekombi, as well as the Salsa, and in Brazil the Samba, from the Afro Brazilians who also have their roots from the Efiks. 

The Abakua Secret society was also responsible for the uprising in 1895, which led to the independence of Cuba from Spain....Africans liberated Cuba! There is a very close relationship between Cuba and Calabar till date, as Abakua members have visited Calabar on numerous occasions and vice~versa, and during the Efik conventions in America noteably Miami and Brooklyn chapters our brothers and sisters are always well attended. Many Cubans of Efik descent are carrying on our traditions and practices in Miami where an Abakua Lodge is situated, the first of its kind, outside of Nigeria and Cuba!

To all the Efiks worldwide......

"NDITO ETE YE EKA EKOMDO! IDEM OSOÑO FI!"

Source: Halima D Olerum

BOB MARLEY

Bob Marley, born Robert Nesta Marley on February 6, 1945, in Nine Mile, Jamaica, is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of all time. Known as the "King of Reggae," Marley revolutionized music by combining traditional Jamaican rhythms with rock, soul, and African influences, all while spreading messages of peace, unity, and social justice. His music transcended cultural and racial boundaries, bringing reggae to a global audience and making it a symbol of resistance and hope.

Marley first rose to prominence in the 1960s with his band, The Wailers, which originally included Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer. Together, they recorded a string of powerful and political songs, blending ska, rocksteady, and reggae into a sound that would define their legacy. It wasn’t until the release of "Catch a Fire" in 1973 that Marley and The Wailers broke through internationally, showcasing songs like "Stir It Up" and "Concrete Jungle." With this album, Marley introduced reggae to the world, earning a place in the pantheon of global music legends.

Throughout the 1970s, Marley released a string of iconic albums, including "Rastaman Vibration" (1976), which became the first reggae album to chart in the US Top 10. His best-known album, "Legend" (1984), is a posthumous compilation of his greatest hits, including timeless songs such as "No Woman, No Cry", "One Love", "Redemption Song", and "Buffalo Soldier". Marley's lyrics often dealt with themes of resistance, freedom, love, and spirituality, and his deep connection with Rastafarianism influenced much of his music, imbuing it with messages of liberation, equality, and unity.

Sadly, Marley's life was cut short when he passed away from cancer on May 11, 1981, at the age of 36. Despite his relatively brief life, Bob Marley's impact on music and culture remains immense. He is remembered not only for his iconic songs but also for his unwavering dedication to social causes, equality, and peace. Marley's music continues to inspire and resonate with listeners worldwide, making him a symbol of hope, resilience, and love for generations to come.

#BOBMARLEY

SYREETA WRIGHT AND BILLY PRESTON

Syreeta Wright and Billy Preston in Los Angeles, California in 1981.William Everett Preston(September 2, 1946 – June 6, 2006)

was an American keyboardist, singer and songwriter whose work encompassed R&B, rock, soul, funk, and gospel.

Preston was a top session keyboardist in the 1960s, backing Little Richard, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, the Everly Brothers, Reverend James Cleveland, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.

He gained attention as a solo artist with hit singles "That''s the Way God Planned It", the Grammy-winning "Outa-Space", "Will It Go Round in Circles", "Space Race", "Nothing from Nothing", and "With You I''m Born Again". Additionally, Preston co-wrote "You Are So Beautiful", which became a No. 5 hit for Joe Cocker.

Syreeta Wright

(February 28, 1946 – July 6, 2004),

known  as Syreeta, was an American singer-songwriter, best known for her music during the early 1970s through the early 1980s.

Wright''s career heights were songs in collaboration with her ex-husband Stevie Wonder and musical artist Billy Preston.

#incelebrationofblackhistory #ourhistoryeveryday #ourhistorythenandnow

CURTIS FULLER

Good Evening Jazz Lovers! Today, we celebrate the birthday of Curtis Fuller, a trombone virtuoso who shaped the sound of hard bop. Born on December 15, 1932, Curtis would have turned 92 this year. His journey from orphaned child to jazz legend is truly inspiring.

Fuller's story begins in Detroit, a city that birthed countless jazz greats. Tragedy struck early, leaving him parentless by age nine. But music became his salvation. A nun's kindness introduced him to jazz, igniting a lifelong passion. At 16, Fuller picked up the trombone, an instrument that would define his career.

Cass Tech High School nurtured Fuller's talent alongside future jazz icons. His late start didn't hinder his progress; it fueled his determination. After serving in the army, Fuller dove headfirst into New York's vibrant jazz scene. His unique style quickly caught the attention of industry heavyweights.

Fuller's collaborations read like a who's who of jazz royalty. He played with John Coltrane on "Blue Train," a landmark album. His stint with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers solidified his reputation as a top-tier trombonist. Fuller's warm tone and fluid style set him apart from his contemporaries.

Throughout his career, Fuller continued to evolve and experiment. He embraced electronic elements in the 1970s without losing his hard bop roots. His later works, like "The Story of Cathy & Me," showcased his emotional depth. Fuller's adaptability kept him relevant across six decades of jazz.

Awards and honors poured in, recognizing Fuller's immense contributions to jazz. The NEA Jazz Master title in 2007 crowned his illustrious career. But Fuller's true legacy lies in the countless musicians he inspired. His innovative approach to trombone playing opened new possibilities for the instrument.

Curtis Fuller's passing in 2021 left a void in the jazz world. Yet his music continues to inspire and educate. Fuller's life reminds us of jazz's power to transform lives. His soulful trombone still echoes through the halls of jazz history, a testament to his enduring influence. 

#CurtisFuller

ABEDI PELE

Abedi Pele, born Abedi Ayew, is celebrated as one of Africa’s greatest football legends 🌍. Nicknamed “The African Maradona,” his dazzling skills, vision, and creativity on the field captured hearts worldwide. A three-time African Footballer of the Year (1991, 1992, 1993), he led Ghana’s national team, the Black Stars, with unmatched flair and passion.

His crowning moment came in 1993 when he helped Marseille win the UEFA Champions League, becoming the first African captain to achieve this historic feat. Fans adore him for breaking barriers, inspiring a generation of African footballers, and embodying the spirit of the beautiful game. For many, Abedi Pele is a symbol of excellence and African pride!

#Africa #Ghana

ABDOULAYE WADE

Abdoulaye Wade, Senegal’s former president (2000–2012), is celebrated as a visionary leader and a champion of African development 🌍. Known for his charisma and resilience, Wade was a veteran opposition leader for decades before becoming Senegal’s president, symbolizing perseverance and democratic progress.

His presidency focused on infrastructure and modernization, with projects like the Blaise Diagne International Airport and the Monument of African Renaissance. He also played a key role in fostering regional cooperation and promoting the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).

Though his tenure faced criticism for alleged corruption and nepotism, many still admire Wade for his contributions to Senegal’s development and his enduring impact on African politics.

#Africa #Senegal

THE ROLE OF WANZAMAI (TRADITIONAL SURGEONS) IN HAUSA LAND

Wanzanci a Hausa word entails the cultural practices around the Craft, WANZAN which can be referred to as traditional surgeon in Hausa Land.

Wanzanci (Traditional surgery) is one of the oldest profession among the Hausa ethnic group of Nigeria and Niger, it has been one of the oldest way of survival and sustaining their livelihoods and boasting their local Economy since the earliest time and has been passed through on successive generations till date.

Hence WANZAMAI (traditional surgeons) occupied the position of doctors or healthcare providers in the past through administering  to various illnesses and provide cure to certain disease such as Basir(ple), Shawara (Typhoid), cizon sauro (maleria) toilet infections    and many spirituals allment such as certain charms against witchcraft, madness among others.

HAUSA TRADITIONAL MEDICINE "ƘAHO"

Hausa medicine is heavily characterized by Islamic influence and traditional, African-style herbology, and religious practices which are still prevalent today. Many traditional healing methods such as religious and spiritual healing are often used alongside modern medicine among Hausa villages and cities.

There're Hausa people who are professional on medicine for many centuries as they offer many services to the community related to  physical and mental health. Those people are called WANZAMAI.

ONE OF THE OLDEST WAY OF HEALING PEOPLE IN HAUSA LAND IS ƘAHO:

Before colonialism, Hausa surgeons already performed many surgical procedures for medical reasons and one of those surgery is called ƘAHO.

ƘAHO (Cupping) involves removal of poisonous blood.

The body is treated and the air is sucked out, creating a partial vacuum inside.

The top of the horn is then capped with a small piece of tendon, slipped into place by the barber's tongue as he draws out the air.

The horn remains on the skin until it raises a welt, then it is removed. The welt is then washed with water and a series of cuts are made with the razor within the circle outlined by the horn - usually 3 rows of 5 vertical cuts each.

There is no significance to the pattern of the cuts.

The horn is then replaced over the welt, the air is removed, and the horn is again capped with a piece of tendon and allowed to set.

Blood is gradually drawn out of the shallow cuts made by the barber and coagulates inside the horn.

Overtime, the barber will repeatedly remove the horn, shake out the dark, thickened blood into a gourd filled with sand, and reapply suction to the horn.

The dark blood is seen as bad blood that caused the swelling or the patient's lassitude and feeling of listlessness.

1 or 2 table-spoons of congealed blood is obtained from each cupping horn in the course of this procedure.

Many people in Hausa villages women bear the telltale series of small lines of scars somewhere where he or she has been cupped.

An alternative, but less common method involves the use of a small, round gourd instead of a cow's horn.

A hole is cut in the side of a dried gourd and a piece of cotton is placed inside.

The cotton is then set alight and the gourd is placed over the area to be cupped. The flame inside the gourd uses up the oxygen, creating a partial vacuum suficient to provide suction.

But unfortunately despite the important and roles of this Oldest Hausa Profession it's On The Verge Of Extinction due to the Modern way of life and youths are not willing to inherit it from their parents as they prefer to do some professions which are easier for them.

#Africa #Nigeria

HISTORY LESSON

The moment Mrs Pauline Lumumba; wife of Congo's first Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba who was brutally tortured and murdered by firing Squad led by The Belgian Forces and some of HIS OWN people.

After his murder, his wife requested to see his body so that she may properly mourn her husband. She never got that opportunity because the body of Patrice was dismembered and dissolved in ACID by the evil people that killed him!

This picture is how the heartbroken widow Pauline protested her husband's murder on the streets of Congo. She walked barefoot and half naked.

Patrice was just 35 years old when he WA's a killed & Pauline was 23years old when her husband died in 1961.

She never remarried until she died on December 23, 2015 - 54 years after the death of her beloved husband!

No body part of Patrice Lumumba has been found to this day except his tooth.

BILL WITHERS

Bill Withers wrote the song "Ain''t No Sunshine" at age 31 while working at a factory, making toilet seats for airplanes. Using his own money, he would record demo tapes and play at various clubs at night. When he debuted with "Ain''t No Sunshine", he refused to quit his day job, believing that the music business was a fickle industry. Fortunately for him, the song turned out to be a massive hit. When it went gold, the record company gave him a gold toilet as a gift, marking the start of his new career. In 1985, at age 47, Bill Withers decided to walk away from it all. He felt that the record companies he worked with were constantly trying to exert more and more control over how he should sound if he wanted to sell more albums. He felt pigeonholed and no longer wanted to be part of the music business. In 2015, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He claimed to have no regrets and provided the following reflection on his later life: "I''ve always been serious that way, trying to evolve to a more conscious state. Funny thing about that, though. You tweak yourself, looking for more love, less lust, more compassion, less jealousy. You keep tweaking, keep adjusting those knobs until you can no longer find the original settings. In some sense, the original settings are exactly what I''m looking for—a return to the easygoing guy I was before my world got complicated, the nice guy who took things as they came and laughed so hard the blues would blow away in the summer wind."

THE BANJO

Caribbean Blacks created the banjo in the 17th century and carried it to North America in the 18th century, the banjo has been part of Black heritage. An African New World combination of European and African elements, early banjos resembled plucked full spike folk lutes like the akonting of Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and the bunchundo of Gambia. Like these instruments, early banjos had gourd or calabash bodies covered by a skin membrane and wood bridges held by string tension. Most early banjos had four gut or fiber strings, often three long and one short drone string, though some had two long strings and one short string. Banjos’ flat fingerboards and tuning pegs, not found on indigenous West African instruments, came from European instruments.First reported in Jamaica in 1687 and in Martinique in 1698, until the 19th century the banjo was identified exclusively with Black people. Banjos rang in Barbados, Antigua, St. Kitts, St. Croix, Suriname, and Haiti in the 1700s and early 1800s. First reported in North America in Manhattan in 1736, by the early 1800s, Blacks played banjos from New England to Louisiana. The Old Plantation, painted before 1790 by South Carolina planter John Rose, depicts a Black banjoist and a Black drummer playing for Black dancers. By the 1830s, white entertainers wearing Black face makeup and singing what they called Black songs adopted the banjo. Known as “minstrels” by the 1840s, they became widely popular, touring the United States, Britain, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Though they reflected American racism, their music and dance launched worldwide interest in Black music and the banjo.

By the 1840s five-string banjos with four long strings and one short string, the highest in pitch, but set next to the lowest pitched long string, had developed. Wood frame rims to stretch the skin replaced the gourds. A commercial banjo industry appeared linking entertainers, sellers of banjo music, and manufacturers. By the late 19th century metal covered or replaced the wooden frame rims entirely, frets were added, metal strings replaced gut, and a variety of mechanisms were added to banjos to produce a loud, clear, treble sound. Black banjoists adopted these innovations to make even more powerful music. Black dances powered by banjo persisted into the twentieth century. Though Black banjoists, white show business banjoists, parlor banjoists, and white Southern folk banjoists exchanged tunes and techniques, the drive of Black banjoists to play for African American dancers preserved Black banjo’s distinctive West African musical approaches.

After the American Civil War, Black minstrel companies offered real African American music, not pale imitations, eclipsing the white minstrels’ popularity by 1900. African American banjo syncopation helped inspire ragtime, a combination of folk, popular, and art music born in the Black Midwest that became internationally popular in the 1890s and 1900s. Scott Joplin, the ragtime composer, dedicated compositions to Black banjoists. More ragtime banjo records than piano records appeared in the early 1900s. As banjo playing became a vital part of the turn of the century popular music, Black Banjoists like Horace Weston, the Bohee Brothers, Hosea Eason, and James Bland became international stars. Black banjo playing probably reached its height before World War I. Black banjoists swung old-time dances and starred in shows from London to Broadway.

BOB MARLEY

Bob Marley is universally loved and respected as a musician because his music transcends genres, borders, and generations. As the king of reggae, Marley used his soulful voice and poetic lyrics to address universal themes of love, freedom, and justice. His anthems like One Love and Redemption Song resonate with a global audience, promoting unity and resistance against oppression. Beyond music, Marley embodied a spiritual connection to Rastafarianism, making him a cultural icon. 🌍 His ability to inspire hope during challenging times and bring people together through music has made him a symbol of peace and resilience. Bob Marley’s legacy isn’t just in his songs—it’s in the movement he created. ✌️

When they ask "What historical Kingdoms did Black people rule?"

Here’s a list of notable African Kingdoms where Africans ruled, showcasing their significant contributions to culture, governance, and technology before the coming of Europeans, show them the below 👇 

🌍

Africa is the Cradle of Humanity 

Ancient Egypt (Kemet)

Timeframe: 3100 BCE – 30 BCE

Known for the development of writing (hieroglyphics), monumental architecture (pyramids), advanced medicine, and governance systems. Africans ruled for thousands of years, including during the powerful Nubian (25th) Dynasty.

🌍

Kingdom of Kush

Timeframe: 1070 BCE – 350 CE

Located in Nubia (modern-day Sudan). Known for ruling over Egypt during the 25th Dynasty, the construction of pyramids at Meroë, iron smelting, and advanced trade networks.

🌍

Axum Empire

Timeframe: 100 CE – 940 CE

Located in modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, it was a major trading empire known for introducing Christianity to sub-Saharan Africa and constructing massive obelisks.

🌍

Carthage

Timeframe: 814 BCE – 146 BCE

Located in modern-day Tunisia, it was a powerful city-state that dominated Mediterranean trade. Founded by Phoenicians but developed into a uniquely African power.

🌍

Ghana Empire

Timeframe: 300 CE – 1200 CE

One of West Africa’s first major empires, controlling trade in gold and salt. Located in parts of modern Mali and Mauritania.

🌍

Mali Empire

Timeframe: 1235 CE – 1600 CE

Known for its wealth and trade in gold and salt. The reign of Mansa Musa, one of the richest men in history, is particularly famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca and promotion of Islamic education.

🌍

Songhai Empire

Timeframe: 1430 CE – 1591 CE

Based in modern-day Mali and Niger, this was one of the largest empires in African history, known for its administrative sophistication and centers of learning like Timbuktu.

🌍

Great Zimbabwe

Timeframe: 1100 CE – 1450 CE

Known for its impressive stone structures, it was a center of trade and wealth in Southern Africa.

🌍

Benin Kingdom

Timeframe: 1180 CE – 1897 CE

Located in modern Nigeria, it was famous for its bronze and ivory artwork and sophisticated urban planning.

🌍

Kongo Kingdom

Timeframe: 1390 CE – 1914 CE

Located in modern Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, it was a centralized state with a strong economy based on trade.

🌍

Ethiopian Empire

Timeframe: 1270 CE – 1974 CE

The Solomonic dynasty ruled for centuries, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Ethiopia resisted European colonization, famously defeating Italy at the Battle of Adwa in 1896.

🌍

Zulu Kingdom

Timeframe: 1816 CE – 1879 CE

Led by Shaka Zulu, it became a powerful state in Southern Africa through military innovation and strategic alliances.

🌍

Nok Culture

Timeframe: 1000 BCE – 300 CE

Known for its advanced terracotta sculptures and iron smelting, it was one of the earliest West African civilizations.

🌍

Kanem-Bornu Empire

Timeframe: 700 CE – 1800s CE

Located in modern Chad and Nigeria, it was a major Islamic state with an advanced trade network.

🌍

Mutapa Empire

Timeframe: 1450 CE – 1629 CE

Centered around modern Zimbabwe and Mozambique, it controlled gold mines and trade routes.

🌍

These civilizations demonstrate Africa’s historical role in global trade, cultural innovation, and governance. Each left a legacy of achievements in science, architecture, religion, and the arts that continue to inspire today. #Africa

HISTORY LESSON

Did you know that some Niger-Congo language speakers are descendants of click speaking populations?

Imagine DNA as Intel processors—the essential core that powers every machine. Now think of languages as the computer brands built around them.  Whether it’s a Dell, HP, or MacBook, the processor stays present, but the “branding” differs. This is a great way to understand Africa’s deep genetic and linguistic history.

Some Niger-Congo-speaking men carry haplogroup A, one of the oldest “processors” in human history. This genetic lineage is most common among populations historically linked to click-speaking communities. But here’s the twist: over thousands of years, descendants of these ancient groups—let’s call them the “Original Processors”—adopted Niger-Congo languages, creating a blend of old heritage and new expression.

This wasn’t a case of “upgrading” or “replacing” something outdated. Instead, it was like adapting the same reliable Intel chip to work seamlessly in a newer design—more like a custom-built PC than a complete rebrand. The DNA (processor) stayed the same, but the language (brand) reflected cultural exchanges, migrations, and cooperation among early African communities.

Why is this important? It shows Africa’s history isn’t about dominance or loss—it’s about blending and evolving. Just as Intel chips power a variety of devices, haplogroup A DNA connects people across diverse linguistic and cultural landscapes, reminding us that diversity isn’t a divide—it’s a connection. 🌍

Do you know any other African populations with ancestors that also used to speak a different language? What do you think—how do you see history as both unique and shared? Let’s discuss! 👇

HISTORY LESSON

Military slaves—most famously the Mamluks—were pivotal in preserving Islam’s presence across North Africa, Turkey, and the Middle East. Often recruited through levies or purchased as young boys, these soldiers were taken from non-Muslim regions, such as the Balkans, regions around the Volga River, the Caucasus or Central Asia, and rigorously trained to become elite warriors. Their victories during critical moments, such as defeating the Mongols at Ain Jalut (1260) and repelling Crusaders, secured Islamic civilization against existential threats. Trained meticulously in tactics, archery, and horsemanship, Mamluks became not only defenders but rulers, as in Egypt, where they established a dynasty. Their disciplined force, free from tribal allegiances, ensured stability and adaptability, safeguarding Islamic culture and faith during centuries of upheaval. Their legacy?

Ibn Khaldun, the 14th-century historian and sociologist credited the significant role of military slaves, particularly the Mamluks, in saving Islam during critical moments of its history. In his Muqaddimah, he famously remarked on the Mamluks’ victory over the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260), emphasizing their importance in protecting the Islamic world. Ibn Khaldun noted that the Mamluks’ disciplined, loyal, and highly skilled military force emerged as a providential solution at a time when the Muslim world was fragmented and vulnerable.

He viewed their rise as part of a larger pattern in history, where new groups, often outsiders or those on the margins, rejuvenated civilizations in decline. By defeating the Mongols—who had destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate and seemed poised to overrun the Islamic world—the Mamluks preserved the cultural, religious, and political legacy of Islam in the Middle East and North Africa. 🌍

Today, many North African and Middle Eastern Muslims deny Mamluk influence, but the facts of history are undeniable.

Discovering the Rich Heritage of Yoruba Village in Trinidad and Tobago

Tucked away in the East Dry River area of Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, lies the vibrant Yoruba Village. This cultural gem is a testament to the resilience and determination of the Yoruba people, who were brought to the island as freed slaves in the 19th century.

History of the Yoruba in Trinidad and Tobago:

The Yoruba people, originally from Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, and Togo, were rescued from the ships of British, French, and Spanish colonizers following the abolition of the slave trade. They settled in the Port of Spain area, where they established a thriving community.

Preserving Yoruba Culture and Traditions

The Yoruba Village in Trinidad and Tobago is dedicated to promoting and preserving Yoruba culture. The community comes together to celebrate their heritage through various events, including:

(1). Annual Yoruba Village Drum Festival: This vibrant festival showcases the significance of drumming in Yoruba culture, bringing together artistes, parents, and children from the community and across Trinidad and Tobago.

(2). Cultural Events and Workshops: The village hosts various cultural events and workshops throughout the year, highlighting the importance of Yoruba traditions, customs, and values.

A Symbol of Resilience and Cultural Pride:

Yoruba Village stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Yoruba people. Despite the challenges of slavery, colonization, and cultural suppression, the community has preserved their heritage, passing it down through generations.

Visit Yoruba Village and experience the rich cultural heritage of the Yoruba people in Trinidad and Tobago. Let us celebrate and honor the resilience and determination of this vibrant community.

#YorubaVillage #TrinidadAndTobago #YorubaCulture #AfricanDiaspora #CulturalHeritage #DrumFestival #Community #Resilience #CulturalPride