Wednesday, 14 May 2025

MODERN EGYPTIANS, DESCENDANTS OF ARABS & WHITE SLAVES (Mamlukes)

Egypt’s history has seen numerous waves of migration and conquest—from the Hyksos, Persians, and Greeks to the Arabs and Turks—leading to significant genetic mixing and population replacement over millennia.

Each wave introduced new genetic and cultural elements that diluted or replaced earlier populations.

• HYKSOS rule over Egypt: c. 1650–1550 B.C. (Second Intermediate Period).

• KUSHITE (25th Dynasty) rule over Egypt: c. 744–656 B.C.

• ASSYRIAN rule over Egypt: c. 677–655 B.C.

• PERSIAN rule over Egypt: 525–404 B.C. (First Persian Period) and 343–332 B.C. (Second Persian Period).

• GREEK (Ptolemaic) rule over Egypt: 332–30 B.C.

• ROMAN rule over Egypt: 30 B.C.–c. 641 A.D.

• ARAB rule over Egypt: c. 641 A.D.–868 A.D. (Following the Muslim conquest).

The first Turkish dynasty in Egypt was established by Ibn Tulun, who arrived in 868 A.D.

Since then, Turkish influence has been a prominent part of Egypt’s history.

• TURK (Mamluke) rule over Egypt: c. 1250 A.D. - 1516 A.D.

• OTTOMAN TURK rule over Egypt: c. 1516 A.D. - 1918.

It is estimated that over 90% of Egyptians identify culturally and linguistically as Arabs, a result of the Arabization that followed the 7th-century Muslim conquest.

As of August 2024, Egypt’s population is around 114.6 million, meaning approximately 103.1 million Egyptians identify as Arabs.

The genetics of modern Egyptian individuals comprises four distinct ancestry components that sum up to 75% on average.

Egyptians have a Middle Eastern, a European/Eurasian, a North African and an East African component with 27%, 24%, 15% and 9% relative influence, respectively.

27% Arab

24% Turk/Mamluke 

15% North African (Mozabite/Amazigh)

9% East African (Oromo, Somali, Punt, Cushitic, Nilotic, Real Egyptians)

mtDNA sequencing revealed that modern Egyptians have haplogroups most frequently found in Europeans (e.g., H, V, T,J, etc.; >60%), Africans (e.g., L with 24.8%) or Asians/East Asians (e.g., M with 6.7%)

SOURCE;

(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17964-1?fbclid=IwAR1C9jJqaC2B3fSnwc-1gC2f62iK6_b3GgZ9ulT0h9Ppy0r9_0Frh14_Qm4)

According to the study, the genetic composition of modern Egyptians is predominantly Arab, with 27% of their genetic ancestry attributed to Arab heritage.

This is the largest single component of their genetic makeup, which places Arab ancestry at the forefront of their overall genetic identity.

The study’s data clearly establishes Arab ancestry as the dominant genetic influence in modern Egyptians.

The 24% Turk/Mamluk component in the genetic ancestry of modern Egyptians is an important factor.

A full 51% of modern Egyptians’ ancestry is directly attributed to Arabs and Turks, comprising 27% Arab and 24% Turk/Mamluk.

Robert Davis, in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters, estimates that between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans, mainly whites, were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.

He also discusses the widespread practice of enslaving Europeans in North Africa, particularly from the 1530s to the 1780s.

The descendants of these white slaves (octoroons and quadroons) in North Africa often assert their ancestral ties to the region’s original inhabitants.

These assertions are utterly ridiculous, as the historical and genetic evidence clearly shows that their ancestors were either Arabs or captured and enslaved by Barbary pirates, not native to the region, making any claim of direct descent from the original inhabitants both unfounded and disconnected from the actual historical context. 

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

SHAKA ZULU

"Shaka Zulu: Warrior King and Founder of the Zulu Kingdom"

In the rolling hills and valleys of what is now South Africa, a fierce and brilliant military leader emerged from the Zulu tribe in the early 19th century, transforming the region and altering the course of history. His name was Shaka Zulu, and his legacy lives on as the founder of one of the most powerful kingdoms in African history.

Shaka Zulu was born in 1787 in present-day South Africa, the son of a Zulu chief and a Nguni-speaking woman.

In his early years, Shaka was exiled from his tribe, but his time spent among other tribes exposed him to different military strategies and weapons. This knowledge, combined with his natural intelligence and charisma, would later make him an unmatched military leader.

Returning to the Zulu, Shaka led a ruthless military campaign against neighboring tribes, uniting them under his rule and establishing the Zulu Kingdom in 1818.

Shaka Zulu's military tactics were as innovative as they were brutal. He introduced a new type of shield called the "iklwa," which was short, stabbing-like, and better suited for close-quarter combat. He also developed a new military formation called the "buffalo horns," in which his warriors encircled their enemies like the horns of a buffalo.

With these tactics, Shaka Zulu's armies were virtually unstoppable. He rapidly expanded the Zulu Kingdom, making it the most powerful state in Southern Africa during his reign.

Shaka Zulu's reign was marked by both incredible military victories and significant loss of life. His legacy has been the subject of much debate, with some portraying him as a cruel and tyrannical ruler while others celebrate him as a national hero and an inspirational leader.

One thing is certain—his impact on African history cannot be overstated. The Zulu Kingdom he founded would go on to inspire resistance movements against colonial rule, and his name continues to evoke pride and remembrance among the Zulu.

ADORNMENT AND IDENTITY: THE LANGUAGE OF TRADITIONAL AFRICAN CLOTHING

Traditional African clothing is far more than mere fabric and thread; it's a vibrant language, a visual narrative woven with threads of history, culture, and identity. Across the vast continent, diverse textiles, intricate patterns, and unique garment styles communicate a wealth of information about social status, ethnic affiliation, and cultural heritage. From the flowing robes of West Africa to the intricate beadwork of the East, each element tells a story, revealing the rich tapestry of African societies.

Textiles: The Foundation of Expression

The very materials used in African clothing speak volumes. Locally sourced materials like cotton, silk, wool, and animal hides form the foundation of many garments. In West Africa, handwoven cotton fabrics like Kente and Adinkra cloth are particularly significant. Kente cloth, originating from Ghana, is a brightly colored, patterned fabric with each design holding specific symbolic meanings related to historical events, proverbs, or spiritual concepts.

Similarly, Adinkra cloths are stamped with symbols that convey messages of mourning or other important occasions. In East Africa, colorful printed cotton garments known as Kanga and Kikoi are widely used. The choice of fabric often reflects the climate and available resources of a region, but it also carries cultural weight, with certain materials being associated with specific groups or ceremonies.

Patterns: A Visual Vocabulary

Patterns in African clothing are not merely decorative; they form a complex visual vocabulary. Geometric shapes like diamonds, triangles, and zigzags are common, often carrying symbolic meanings. For example, parallel zigzags can represent the difficult path of life, while chequerboard patterns symbolize the separation of knowledge and ignorance. Symbolic motifs, drawn from nature or everyday life, add another layer of meaning.

Animals, plants, and even abstract designs can represent proverbs, historical events, or social values. The Ashanti tribes of Ghana, for instance, are known for Adinkra robes stamped with motifs that tell stories or recount proverbs. The colors used in patterns also hold significance, with red often representing tension or spiritual moods, and green symbolizing growth and prosperity.

Garment Styles: Form and Function

The style of a garment, its cut, and its embellishments, further contribute to its communicative power. In West Africa, flowing robes like the Agbada, worn by men in Nigeria, signify wealth and status. The Buba and Iro, traditional garments for Yoruba women, reflect modesty and elegance. The Dashiki, a loose-fitting shirt, is popular across West Africa and symbolizes African pride.

In East Africa, the Maasai people are known for their distinctive clothing, including the Shuka, a rectangular cloth draped over the shoulders or wrapped around the body. Beadwork and jewelry are also integral to Maasai attire, with different colors and patterns conveying specific meanings. In Southern Africa, the Zulu people use colorful beadwork and elaborate headdresses to express identity and social status.

Clothing as Cultural Identity

Traditional African clothing serves as a powerful marker of cultural identity. It connects individuals to their heritage, their community, and their ancestors. Wearing traditional attire is a way of honoring one's roots and showcasing the diversity and richness of African cultures.

In many African societies, clothing is worn to mark special occasions, such as weddings, funerals, and religious ceremonies. These garments often feature specific colors, patterns, and styles that are unique to the event and the community.

Even in modern contexts, traditional clothing continues to be a source of pride and a way to express cultural affiliation.

Clothing and Social Status

Beyond ethnicity and cultural identity, clothing also communicates social status. Historically, certain fabrics, patterns, and garment styles were reserved for royalty or individuals of high rank. The quality of materials, the intricacy of designs, and the abundance of embellishments could all indicate wealth and power. For example, Kente cloth was originally worn by the Ashanti royalty and continues to be associated with prestige. In some cultures, specific garments or accessories are worn by married women or individuals who have achieved certain milestones, signaling their social position within the community.   


In conclusion, traditional African clothing is a rich and multifaceted language. It speaks through textiles, patterns, garment styles, and embellishments, conveying information about ethnicity, cultural identity, and social status. It is a testament to the creativity, ingenuity, and cultural depth of the African continent, a vibrant expression of heritage that continues to evolve and inspire.


#AfricanCulture #AfricanHistory #African #Africa #World

Origins of the Moonwalk: Who Really Slid First?

Spoiler: Michael Jackson didn’t invent it. But he did immortalize it.

Before MJ glided across the stage in 1983 and made jaws hit the floor, the Moonwalk already had mileage—decades of it. The move was older than Thriller, older than Motown, older than MJ himself.

Enter Jeffrey Daniel (on the right on the picture): Shalamar singer, Soul Train dancer, and one of the smoothest movers Britain had ever seen. In 1982, he performed the backslide live on Top of the Pops. British teens thought he was defying gravity. But to dancers from LA to Lagos, this was old-school sorcery.

Want to go further back? In 1955, tap dancer Bill Bailey did a version. Before him? Marcel Marceau mimed it. Cab Calloway slid through the swing era with similar finesse. Even footage from the 1930s shows performers ghost-walking across stages before “moonwalk” was a word.

So no, the moonwalk didn’t drop from outer space. It was passed down like a secret scroll among Black dancers—refined, rehearsed, and reborn in every generation.

But here’s where things got cosmic:

When Michael Jackson saw Jeffrey Daniel dance, he called him. Not a “nice performance” DM. A direct request to learn everything. Daniel, along with Geron “Casper” Candidate and Derek “Cooley” Jackson, trained MJ in popping, locking, and yes—the backslide.

Then came 1983. Motown 25. “Billie Jean.” One iconic white glove. And the rest is pop-culture permanence.

What MJ did was genius: he rebranded a dance known in street circles as the “backslide” into the sleek, space-age “Moonwalk.” He added his weightlessness, froze time, and made it a moment.

But don’t confuse branding with inventing. The move came from the streets, not from sequins.

So next time someone says “Michael Jackson invented the moonwalk,” give them the smile of someone who knows better—and then moonwalk away.

Sunday, 11 May 2025

🇿🇲 MISS WORLD ZAMBIA 2025 | Faith Bwayal

Faith Bwalya is a 24-year-old Zambian model, medical professional, and humanitarian advocate from Kitwe, Zambia. She was crowned Miss World Zambia 2025 on April 20th in Lusaka.

■ Professional Background

Faith holds a medical licentiate and is actively engaged in healthcare initiatives. She is the founder of The Voice of Faith Foundation, an organization dedicated to humanitarian advocacy. In addition to her medical and philanthropic work, she is a professional model signed with ARM Model Management.

■ Pageant Achievements

Prior to her Miss World Zambia title, Faith represented Zambia in the 30th edition of Top Model of the World. She is set to represent Zambia in the 72th edition of Miss World.

At her coronation, Faith wore a culturally significant costume titled “Daughter of the Land: The Spirit of Zambia,” designed by Ivhu Tribe. The ensemble featured cowry shells symbolizing fertility and divine femininity, golden wings representing freedom, a gold-feathered skirt symbolizing Zambia’s mineral wealth, and miniature elephant sculptures denoting power and leadership.

■ Social Media Presence

Faith maintains an active presence on Instagram, where she shares insights into her professional endeavors and advocacy work.

#Zambia #MissZambia #MissWorld #BeautyPageant #Africa #AfricanFashion

Friday, 9 May 2025

HISTORY LESSON

Justin responds to this picture by admitting there were black people in ancient Egypt but they had to be imported as slaves, by the Sahara desert before 3000 BCE. Who is going to tell him?

Justin Anderson made a lot of the usual rookie errors you get when someone tries to rewrite African history while standing on sand dunes of fiction. His claim that Black Africans only entered Egypt via slavery—starting before Egypt even existed—is like saying the British royal family arrived on an EasyJet flight from Western Europe.

Let’s break this mirage down.

■ Mistakes the trans-Saharan slave trade for a time machine.

Justin claims there was a “trans-Saharan slave trade” before the Sahara was even a desert. The Sahara didn’t become a full-blown desert until about 3000–2500 BCE. Before then, it was a lush savanna—the “Green Sahara”—filled with lakes, cattle herders, and complex societies like those at Nabta Playa and Gobero. So no, caravans were not trudging through a desert that didn’t exist, prior to Africa adopting camels. That’s like describing a Viking cruise through the Amazon rainforest in the Ice Age.

■ Cites pharaohs like Sneferu as slave raiders before Egypt had cities.

Sneferu ruled in the 4th Dynasty (c. 2600 BCE), long after Africans from Southern Egypt had unified the two lands, and developed as a civilization. Before that time, there were established kingdoms south of Egypt like Ta-Seti (c. 3800 BCE) and Qustul (c. 3500 BCE) that had already influenced Egyptian kingship, burial, iconography, and wore the shendyt kilt. So claiming Sneferu was the “start” of south-to-north African contact is like saying Steve Jobs invented Latin.

■ Confuses indigenous Nile Valley trade relations with “slave routes.”

The Nile wasn’t a “slave route.” It was a civilizational highway where cultural and kinship ties ran deep between what is now southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The earliest Egyptian iconography, pottery, and grave goods came from the south. Qustul tombs, predating Narmer, had royal regalia before dynastic kings wore them. That’s cultural diffusion northward—not human trafficking.

Trade relations were far more sophisticated than white supremacist fantasies which tried to justify their own atrocities by accusing ancient people of selling Africans. Trade is based on supply and demand of goods not locally available. Inscriptions at Deir el-Bahri, Hatshepsut's temple at Karnak, and the tomb of Senmut tell us about trade expeditions to Present-day Somalia. This was an important region for trade and commerce located in the Horn of Africa, and was known for its exotic goods such as incense, myrrh, and ebony. The ancient Egyptians sometimes referred to Punt as "God's Land" or "Land of the Gods." No mention of importing slaves, or negative dismissive attitude towards the inhabitants of Punt.

■ Forgets the “desert” was a corridor of civilization.

The so-called “trans-Saharan trade” only became a slave-trading route many centuries after Egypt’s Old Kingdom, especially during the Islamic era (post-7th century CE). Before that, Saharan networks were used for migration, herding, and knowledge—not mass human trafficking. D’Atanasio et al. (2018) even found lineages like E-M78, E-M2, A3-M14 and R-V88 radiating from the Green Sahara toward Egypt and West Africa during 12,000-4,400 years ago, not the other way around. That’s population movement, not abduction.

■ Claims Nubians were slaves when they were co-founders.

Ta-Seti, centered in what is now northern Sudan, existed well before Dynasty 0. Its culture and regalia—crowns, palettes, royal imagery—directly shaped early Egypt. The alignments of Giza first show up in Nabta Playa, Nubia. And yet Justin wants us to believe these people needed to be brought in as slaves? That’s like claiming Lord Horatio Nelson learned to command British naval forces after being kidnapped by the Phoenicians.

■ Misrepresents Egypt’s language as non-African.

Egyptian is Afroasiatic—a language family that originated in Africa: THE MOST ATTESTED LANGUAGE FAMILY IN ACADEMIA. The deepest branches of Afroasiatic (like Omotic) are only found within the African continent. Semitic, found in the Levant and Arabia, is just one small offshoot. Egyptian has more lexical and phonological overlap with Cushitic and Chadic languages of Africa than anything spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. Saying Egypt’s language proves it wasn’t African is like saying English isn’t European because it shares words with Hindi.

■ Cherry-picks slavery to explain African DNA.

Justin’s argument requires Black Africans to be imported via slavery, but ancient DNA proves otherwise. Ancient Upper Egyptian remains (e.g., Abusir el-Meleq doesn’t even apply here, being northern and late) carry Y-DNA haplogroups like E-M78, A3-M13, E-V12, and R-V88—all with African origins and radiations from Sudan, the Green Sahara, and the Sahel (D’Atanasio 2018, Hollfelder 2021). Those haplogroups aren’t markers of slavery—they’re evidence of native African continuity. Peer-reviewed studies of Ramesses III imply 10 of the pharaohs of the 20th dynasty carried E-M2. Were all 10 pharaohs also slavery imports? How delusional to equate unsubstantiated private thoughts with hard science!

■ Confuses African aesthetics for foreign imports.

Egyptian statuary, murals, and tomb paintings depict individuals with dark reddish-brown skin, broad noses, and tightly curled hair—especially in the Old and Middle Kingdoms. These are not features of “slaves” brought from abroad. They’re national depictions of deities like Horus, kings, priests, and nobles. The black granite seated statue of Pharaoh Mentuhotep II, who re-unified Egypt, is as visibly African as the continent that birthed him. No one imports kings.

■ Misuses medieval manuals to backdate a late-era slave trade.

Slave manuals and white-black slave classifications are products of the Islamic medieval period, not the Old or Middle Kingdom. Justin is confusing caliphs with khatabs, mamluks with Medjay. You don’t get to backdate medieval bureaucracy into 3000 BCE to suit your political agenda.

■ Ignores classical sources that contradict him.

Greek and Roman authors like Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, and Strabo all described Egyptians as dark-skinned and closely related to Ethiopians and other African peoples. Diodorus (Book 3) directly states that Egypt was founded by Black people from the South. Did they also need to be enslaved to enter their own homeland?

■ Claims African presence needs explaining, while ignoring their ownership of the terrain.

This is the heart of Justin’s mistake. Egypt is in Africa. Black Africans don’t need an excuse to be there. They were already there. The Nile flowed downstream from Sub-Saharan Africa. It was Egypt that needed the South to exist, not the other way around. You don’t smuggle builders into their own house.

■ Slavery is not a creation story.

No one denies slavery existed in ancient times. But slavery does not explain the demographic foundation of a civilization. You don’t build pyramids, draft astronomical calendars, and codify divine kingship using people you supposedly “just imported.” Egyptians were not shaped by slaves—they were shaped by their own ancestral continuum stretching deep into Saharan and Nilotic Africa.

Justin’s argument is what happens when someone finds a medieval footnote and tries to use it as the preface to a 5000-year history.

He took a valid phenomenon—the trans-Saharan slave trade—and dropped it into 3000 BCE like it was a GPS pin, hoping no one would notice the Sahara was still a tropical savanna at the time, that Egypt’s founders were southern neighbors, not prisoners, and that African genetics, linguistics, and culture were the source—not the cargo.

What Justin’s really trying to do isn’t history—it’s intellectual eviction. He wants Black Africans to be tenants in their own civilizational story.

But the lease was never up.

They didn’t come to Egypt.

They were Ta-Mery.

#Africa #World

PRINCE AMBENHERKHEPSHEF

Prince Amenherkhepshef, the ninth on the list of sons of Rameses III was given the titles of 'king's scribe' and 'great commander of the cavalry', as well as the more common "king's son of his body whom he loves'. His father and grandfather were Pharaohs, and carried Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a.

This fact debunks 7 stereotypes and tropes about ancient Egypt:

(1). The “Non-African” Trope: The association of Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a with the royal lineage of ancient Egypt, including Prince Amenherkhepshef, and his father and grandfather, demonstrates a strong connection to African ancestry. Haplogroup E1b1a is widely found among African populations, which counters narratives that attempt to distance ancient Egyptians from Africa and portray them primarily as Middle Eastern or European.

(2). The “Egypt as Isolated and Separate from Africa” Trope: The acknowledgment of African haplogroups within Egypt’s royal line reaffirms that ancient Egypt was deeply rooted in Africa, challenging views that depict Egypt as culturally and ethnically distinct or separate from its African neighbors.

(3). The “Egyptian Elite Were Non-African” Stereotype: Claims suggesting that the Egyptian elite were primarily of “non-African” origin are contradicted by evidence showing that Pharaohs, including Rameses III and his descendants, carried Y-DNA haplogroups associated with African heritage. This challenges misconceptions that only non-Africans ruled Egypt while Africans were relegated to subordinate roles.

(4). The “All Foreign Influence” Trope: The emphasis on Egyptian royalty as culturally and genetically African highlights the indigenous origins of their power and achievements, rejecting tropes that overemphasize foreign influence or the idea that Egypt’s grandeur was derived from external sources like the Levant or Europe.

(5). The “Egypt as a Monolithic Entity” Trope: Recognizing the complexity of lineage, titles, and roles within Egypt, including military and scribal leadership, underscores that ancient Egyptian society was multifaceted, with its leaders holding diverse roles reflecting a sophisticated and evolving civilization. This goes against the stereotype of Egypt as a static and monolithic culture.

(6). The “Royal DNA is less important than Commoner DNA” Trope: The genetic evidence from Pharaohs like Rameses III carrying Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a demonstrates that DNA testing of royal or elite remains holds far greater historical and cultural importance than random DNA tests from broader populations. Royalty often had significant influence on culture, politics, and societal structures, making their genetic heritage a critical reflection of historical identity, lineage, and connections. Random tests lack this historical depth and cannot reveal specific ancestral influence or legacy.

(7). The “Tanned Skin Tone” Trope: This depiction and narrative further debunk the trope that ancient Egyptians deliberately used brown to depict tanned skin based on foreign Cretan art conventions. Unlike the symbolism-driven art of Crete, Egyptian representations, like that of Prince Amenherkhepshef, consistently used reddish-brown to depict native Egyptians, reinforcing their African heritage and challenging claims that intentionally misinterpret symbolic art conventions to deny Egypt’s African roots.

By bringing in the genetic evidence and the diversity of roles within royal titles, this narrative counters oversimplified depictions of Egypt’s racial and cultural identity, emphasizing its African roots and internal complexity.

Tomb:

QV55 is located at the western end of the main Wadi, and is oriented along a Northeast-Southwest axis, similar to QV 52 and QV 53. A long entry Ramp(A) leads into chamber (B) with a side chamber (Ba) to the north. Chamber (B) is followed by burial chamber (C) with side chamber (Ca) to the north and ends in a low-ceilinged rear chamber (D). This rear chamber (D) contains a granite Sarcophagus. The entry ramp has modern masonry Steps replacing the previous wooden steps. Extensive sunken relief painted plaster survives throughout the tomb. Though once evidently boldly colored, the general appearance is now abraded and the colors appear somewhat faded.

QV 55 belongs to Amenherkhepshef, the ninth on the list of sons of Rameses IIIat Medinet Habu. There he is given the name of Rameses-Amenherkhepshef and is listed as having died, something which probably occurred before year 30 of the reign of Rameses III. He should not be confused with his predecessor, Amenherkhepshef, son of Rameses II. He was given the titles of 'king's scribe' and 'great commander of the cavalry', as well as the more common "king's son of his body whom he loves'. Nowhere is he given the title 'king's eldest son.' Judging by the location of his tomb, it is believed that he was a son of queen Tyti, whose tomb (QV 52) is in the same area. He may not even have been buried in the QV but in KV 13, where excavations revealed a re-carved sarcophagus of Tausertwith his name. A partial stelae showing his image was found at the Sanctuary to Ptahand Meretseger, probably an ex-voto by craftsmen who worked on his tomb, and a relief from Karnak and a fragment of a stela from Deir el-Medina also bear his name.

Ernesto Schiaparellifollowed the trace of the ancient dam and found the upper part of the entrance ramp to the tomb in 1904. At its discovery, part of the plastered wall, which originally sealed the entrance, remained in situ. The tomb was empty except for a few funerary objects and an unfinished sarcophagus. The sarcophagus was found in corridor C, but was re-located to Chamber D to allow passage through the narrow space. The Italian mission also constructed surround walls and a vaulted cover over the entrance and installed a heavy metal door. Elizabeth Thomas(1959-60) noted that the entrance had been re-sealed with plaster after thieves had broken through, and Guy Lecuyot suggests that the tomb location was lost during the Third Intermediate Period. The Franco-Egyptian Mission carried out investigations in the tomb in 1988. Currently the tomb is open to visitation, except for side chambers (Ba) and (Ca) that are closed off. Glass barriers, fluorescent lighting, and wooden flooring have been installed. Previously, low wooden barriers were used. There are no barriers around doorway leading into the burial chamber and in chamber D.

LOCATION

Valley of the Queens, Main Valley

West Bank, Luxor

Elevation: 117.166

Northing: 97,899.465

Easting: 93,859.378

Modern governorate: Qena

Ancient nome: 4th Upper Egypt

Surveyed by TMP: Yes

OWNER

Prince Amenherkhepshef

#Africa #World #History 

HISTORY LESSON

Ancient Egypt: It is Only in Africa, but shares no burial or language connections with Africa

Tom made a lot of the typical mistakes individuals with ill-informed opinions about Egyptian history make:

■ Hasn’t done basic research to identify the roots of Predynastic and Old Kingdom Egyptian, which was a Black African language—not a European or Asian language.

■ Hasn’t done basic analysis of archaeological findings to trace the origins of the white crown or the shendyt kilt to Nubia, the astronomical alignments of Giza to Nabta Playa, or the hieroglyphic symbols to Qurta Rock Art.

■ Mistakes language families for racial identities, wrongly assuming that because Egyptian is Afroasiatic (like Semitic), it must be non-African—ignoring the fact that Afroasiatic is an African-rooted family that stretches deep into the Horn and Sahel.

■ Confuses geographic overlap with genetic origin, citing vague “Caucasoid” DNA (a debunked racial category) while ignoring core African Y-DNA haplogroups like E-M78, E-M2 (particularly E-V5001, E-V5280, and E-V4990), A3-M13, and R-V88 found in ancient Upper Egyptians and Saharans during 12.30 kya to 4.49 kya by D’Atanasio et al 2018. Three branches of E-M78 in particular have their roots in the Green Sahara: 12.30 kya for E-V264, 11.01 kya for E-V22 and 10.01 kya for E-V12.

■ Projects cultural influence backward in time, claiming Nubians “copied” Egypt, despite Ta-Seti, Nabta Playa, Gobero, and Qustul tombs predating Dynastic Egypt—when the flow of influence clearly went south-to-north.

■ Assumes absurd counterfactuals like Egyptians needing to have Zulu or Swahili names to be African—as if modern languages retroactively define ancient identity.

■ Turns melanin into a joke, mocking African skin tone relevance while ignoring that early Egyptian art consistently portrayed people with treasure trove of 45 to 50 reddish-brown hues—and that pigmentation was biologically adaptive to the African environment, and the UVB exposure levels of a population that developed locally within Egypt and Northeast, during 5,000-10,000 years ago. 

Tom’s comments are what happen when you try to remove Africa from Egypt but forget a Map Exists!

He said: “Egyptians were born in Africa. That’s about the only correct thing in that whole post.”

You know a rebuttal is going to be brilliant when it starts by conceding that Egypt is, in fact, in Africa—like that’s some minor geographical footnote and not the entire point. That’s like saying, “Mozart was born in Europe, but let’s not get carried away and start calling him European.”

🌍 Let’s start with the continent you tried to ghost.

Egypt is geographically African. But not just that—it is ecologically, genetically, linguistically, and culturally African too, especially in its foundational phases. North Africa is not a suburb of Europe or an extension of Mesopotamia. No matter how hard the pseudo-anthropological GPS is shaken, it won’t redraw the borders. Egypt formed in an African desert, by an African river, from populations that came primarily from the South and Sahara, not Europe or Arabia.

■ Now, the DNA gymnastics.

“They share their DNA with Caucasoids in the Middle East and even Europe.” This part is always rich. First, Caucasoid is a 19th-century racial fantasy, not a scientific classification. It’s the zoological version of astrology—popular, pseudoscientific, and utterly useless for explaining ancient populations.

Secondly, even the most misused study—Schuenemann et al. 2017—was conducted on late-period mummies from Northern Egypt, during eras of foreign occupation. And guess what? Even that study was criticized for excluding Southern Egyptians, which other research (e.g., D’Atanasio 2018, Hollfelder 2021) has shown to carry ancient lineages like E-M2, A3-M13, and R-V88, all rooted deep in Black Africa.

And when whole-genome analyses did look further south (see Keita 2022; Sirak 2021), they found significantly more sub-Saharan autosomal components—not less.

So, if Egyptians “share DNA” with Middle Easterners, it’s because Africa shared its people with the rest of the world long before any Semitic languages were even whispered.

■ Next: Linguistic Jenga.

“They wrote a language closely related to Semitic languages.” Correct—but only if you understand what closely means in a 12,000-year language family. Ancient Egyptian is Afroasiatic, but so is Hausa in Nigeria. So is Omotic in Ethiopia. So is Berber in Mali. Afroasiatic is an African language family, first reconstructed by scholars like Joseph Greenberg and later refined by people like Christopher Ehret—not a suitcase Semitic languages brought from the Levant.

Semitic is one branch, not the trunk. The core vocabulary and grammatical structures of Egyptian—such as its pronouns, roots for body parts, numerals, and kinship terms—line up with African patterns found far to the south, including Cushitic and Chadic languages.

Nobody was speaking Swahili in 3000 BCE. But that’s like saying Newton couldn’t be British because he didn’t speak modern Cockney slang. Languages evolve; regions don’t swap hemispheres.

And by the way, if Zulu or Swahili had appeared on the Nile in 3100 BCE, your argument would likely be: “That’s obviously fake. Those are sub-Saharan languages.” So… circular logic is doing overtime here.

■ And now: burial traditions.

You said Egyptian burial customs were “partially unique” and “partially common with Middle Eastern and European traditions.” Fascinating. Which European customs are you referring to? Are you thinking of the ritualistic mummification, soul boats, Saharan tumuli, or perhaps the painted cowhide burials of the pre-Dynastic Badarian people? Because none of those are European.

What actually is documented are Southern African burial connections: similarities between early Egyptian and Nubian C-group burials (before Nubia “copied” anything), and strong links to Saharan pastoralist funerary styles going back to 7000 BCE.

Also, let’s address this awkward attempt at slandering Nubians for “copying Egypt 1000 years later.” The Ta-Seti kingdom—documented as far back as 3800 BCE—preceded Dynastic Egypt. Its rulers were buried in tumulus graves before Narmer united the Nile Valley. So if there was copying, Egypt was not the original, but the remix.

Tom also didn’t know the oldest known mummy is from Southern Libya—not Egypt. Over 1,000 years older than Egypt’s earliest mummies (Fogg et al., 2000). Mummification started deep in Africa. Oops!

You can’t accuse someone of plagiarism when they handed you the pen.

■ Cultural symmetries? Let’s talk art and symbolism.

Egyptian statuary, skin tones, braided wigs, musical instruments, cattle culture, and divine kingship all scream Nile-to-Sahel continuum. Not Danube-to-Delta. The visual canon—from the Gebelein predynastic mummies to the black granite seated statues of Mentuhotep II—show brown and reddish-brown men with clearly African phenotypes, not “olive-skinned Caucasoids.” If your only answer is “skin tone isn’t race,” then congratulations—you’ve finally made a valid point. But unfortunately, you were the one who brought up skin tone.

Also: olive skin is a modern, post-agricultural Eurasian trait with very recent evolutionary origins (see Norton et al. 2007). It’s not how we identify ancient peoples. The earliest Egyptians, like the early Saharan herders, were likely dark-skinned Africans adapted to equatorial sun and life in open plains—just like their genetic cousins across the Sahel and the Green Sahara.

■ So what was Egypt, really?

Egypt was a cultural crescendo of indigenous African innovation—fueled by Nubian, Saharan, and Nile Valley contributions. Its religion tracked the stars using models similar to Sub-Saharan cosmologies. Its economy was based on domesticated African grains and cattle. Its mythology—full of river gods, animal-headed deities, and balance-based cosmology—has more in common with the Dogon than with the Greeks.

So if you’re looking for Middle Eastern roots, you’re welcome to explore influence—but not origin. Just like Rome was influenced by Greece without being Greek, and the United States was influenced by Britain without being English, Egypt was influenced by neighbors but made in Africa, by Africans.

■ Let’s try a thought experiment.

If a civilization arises:

 ● on African soil,

 ● from an African population,

 ● using an African-rooted language,

 ● with African burial, cattle, and agricultural systems,

 ● and was acknowledged by ancient writers (Herodotus, Diodorus) as African…

…then what mental gymnastics are required to say “they were basically just tanned Caucasoids”?

This isn’t scholarship. This is identity laundering with a thesaurus.

■ Finally, let’s tackle the closing jab:

“And if you think only Africans can have brown/beige/olive skin, you’re even more delusional than I thought.”

But nobody said that. Africans aren’t claiming the patent to melanin. We know already the word Sub-Sahara is not a skin colour. The issue is not who can be brown, but who made Egypt. The ancestral DNA, the linguistic lineages, the material culture, and the spiritual cosmologies all triangulate one answer: Black Africans. Not tourists. Not visitors. Not olive-skinned step-cousins. And not a roving band of Euro-Asiatic “Caucasoids” with tomb envy.

Egypt belongs in African history the way Beethoven belongs in European music: foundational, not borrowed.

TL;DR: You tried to argue that Egyptians weren’t really African—even though they were born in Africa, spoke an African-rooted language, practiced African customs, and shared ancestry with African populations. All while using 19th-century racial terms and 21st-century internet emojis.

The only part that wasn’t African was the argument itself.

#Africa #World #History

Thursday, 8 May 2025

Who Was the Great Wilt Chamberlain?

An odyssey through dominance, disbelief, and double-doubles

The Scoring Storm

If basketball is a symphony, Wilt Chamberlain’s scoring feats were a volcanic drum solo in the middle of Mozart. He wasn’t just prolific—he was primordial. In 1962, he dropped 100 points in a single game —a record so unapproachable it has become basketball’s Bigfoot. Not only is he the only player to ever score triple digits, but he also owns the second-most points in a game (78), most points in a season (4,029), and highest season scoring average (50.4 PPG). That’s not just dominance—it’s statistical warfare.

Imagine scoring 50+ points in a game… 118 times. For context, Michael Jordan managed that feat 31 times, and he had his own sneaker empire. Wilt? He did it so often, the scorekeepers needed ice packs. He once averaged 65+ points over four straight games. If today’s NBA stars look like superheroes, Wilt was a mythological force—Heracles with a hook shot.

He also set records for most 60-point games (32), most 40-point games in a season (63), and most consecutive 30-point games (65)—a streak that makes modern scoring binges look like mood swings. Even his rookie season started like thunder: 58 points in one game, 37.6 PPG average. Most players peak after years of growth. Wilt came in like Zeus with a clipboard.

The Rebounding Reign

You know you’re doing something right when your name dominates both ends of the court. Wilt didn’t just snatch rebounds—he harvested them like a demigod during famine. His career average? An outrageous 22.9 rebounds per game—a figure so far above current norms it belongs in the clouds.

He still owns the record for most career rebounds (23,924) and most rebounds in a game (55)—against Bill Russell, no less. For reference, in today’s NBA, grabbing 15 boards is a good night. Wilt could hit that in a half. As a rookie, he pulled down 1,941 rebounds, averaging 27 per game. And he wasn’t doing this against high schoolers—these were hardened pros in a more physical era, playing with fewer whistles and no load management.

In the playoffs, he became the Atlas of rebounding. He once gathered 444 boards in a single postseason, with game highs of 41 and half-time hauls of 26. Whether it was 3-game, 5-game, or 7-game series, he set the rebound record for all of them. Bill Russell was his only peer, and even he shared the mountain peaks with Wilt. But here’s the kicker: Wilt never averaged fewer than 18 rebounds in any season. His grip on the glass was eternal.

The Ironman Identity

Wilt didn’t just dominate games—he devoured them whole. The man played more minutes per game (45. than there are minutes in regulation (48)—how? Overtime, sure, but Wilt played nearly every minute of every game. In 1961–62, he averaged 48.53 minutes per game—out of a possible 48. That’s right: he rested a total of 8 minutes all season. Just long enough to check his hair.

He never fouled out. Not once. In 14 NBA seasons, playing center—basketball’s most bruising position—he averaged only 2 fouls per game. That’s like being a lion that never scratches anything. He holds records for most complete games in a season (79), most consecutive complete games (47), and most minutes played in a season (3,882).

Wilt was a living monument to endurance. He also holds the record for most minutes in a playoff series, most minutes in a Finals, and highest postseason minutes per game (47.24). For today’s stars, a 40-minute game gets you a massage and a rest day. Wilt? He’d run laps around your trainer while quoting Shakespeare.

The Versatility Volcano

How do you make a 7-foot scoring machine more terrifying? Give him elite passing vision and balance. In 1967–68, Wilt led the NBA in assists, becoming the only center—and only non-guard—to ever do so. He had a season where he averaged 24 points, 24 rebounds, and 8 assists. The math stops adding up because Wilt was doing calculus in a checkers league.

He holds the record for most double-doubles (968) and most consecutive double-doubles (227). He was the first man to ever record a double triple-double (20+ points, rebounds, and assists), and did it while winning, not chasing stats. He even had multiple double quadruples—40+ in two categories—in regulation, back when box scores were recorded with chisels.

Wilt’s triple-doubles weren’t just cute: he once dropped 53 points, 32 rebounds, and 14 assists in one game. In another, 22 points, 25 rebounds, 21 assists. This was not normal. This was Prometheus with post moves.

Even defensively—despite blocks not being recorded—eye-witnesses say he once had 25 blocks in a game. The official NBA block record? 17. And that was set after Wilt retired.

The Immortal Legacy

What kind of legacy do you leave when you’ve already rewritten every statistical book? You redefine greatness itself. Wilt won two NBA championships and made six Finals appearances, even though his rivals stacked super-teams before the term existed 🧊. He won four MVPs, made 13 All-Star appearances, and was so respected the NBA renamed the Rookie of the Year trophy in his honor in 2022.

He led the league in scoring 7 times, rebounding 11 times, and assists once—making him the only player in history to lead the league in all three major statistical categories. Jordan? Magic? LeBron? They’ve all acknowledged Wilt as a unique anomaly.

All four teams he touched—Warriors, 76ers, Lakers, and the Harlem Globetrotters—retired his #13 jersey. His records are so towering they feel less like stats and more like ancient scripture. Watching highlights of Wilt is like viewing footage of a superhero on sabbatical: skyhooking from half court, dunking without jumping, and whispering to rebounds before pulling them down like rainclouds.

Final Whistle: Who Was Wilt Chamberlain?

He wasn’t just a basketball player. He was a statistical avalanche, a physical anomaly, a walking contradiction: a giant with finesse, a scorer with humility, a bruiser with ballet feet. Wilt Chamberlain didn’t just play the game—he played with the game. And for over a decade, the game chased him. Sometimes it still does.

Wilt wasn’t just great.

He was the gold standard that greatness measures itself against.

He was basketball’s Big Bang—and we’re still living in its echo.

#WiltWasHere

Tuesday, 6 May 2025

Oke Idanre Hill – Full Historical Account

(1). Geographic and Natural Context

Oke Idanre is located about 15 kilometers southwest of Akure, the capital of Ondo State.

The hill rises over 3,000 feet (approximately 914 meters) above sea level and spans about 800 square kilometers.

It features a unique landscape of ancient granite outcrops, valleys, streams, and thick forests.

(2). Ancient Human Settlement

The hill was home to the Idanre people for over 800 years, making it one of the oldest known continuously inhabited places in southwestern Nigeria.

According to oral history, the Idanre people migrated from Ile-Ife, led by a royal leader named Olofin Aremitan. They settled at Oke Idanre to find safety and spiritual guidance.

The settlement on the hill was not only a defense strategy (due to elevation) but also had religious significance.

(3). Key Historical Structures on the Hill

You can still find ruins and preserved landmarks of the ancient settlement:

■ Owa’s Palace

The residence of the traditional ruler (Owa of Idanre) before the relocation.

Built with traditional mud and stone techniques.

■ Ancient Courtroom (Ibi Akoso)

This was where the king and elders settled disputes and maintained law and order.

■ Old Primary School

One of the earliest forms of Western education in the region; it served the hilltop community before relocation to the lowlands.

■ Ancient Burial Sites

Burial grounds for past Owas and notable leaders of Idanre, often marked with stone structures.

(4). Sacred and Spiritual Sites

Oke Idanre is deeply spiritual for the people. Some key religious sites include:

■ Agboogun’s Footprint

A mysterious footprint etched into solid rock, believed to belong to a hunter named Agboogun, an early settler and warrior.

Legend says the footprint fits any visitor’s foot regardless of size.

■ Orosun Shrine

Dedicated to the goddess Orosun, a powerful local deity associated with fertility and protection.

Annual festivals and sacrifices are held in her honor.

■ The Old Market and Sacrificial Sites

Spaces where locals once traded and performed ritual sacrifices to gods for rain, good harvest, or protection.

(5). Cultural Beliefs and Practices

Idanre culture is rich with Yoruba cosmology. The people believe the hills are alive and home to spirits.

Traditional festivals like the Orosun Festival attract worshippers and tourists annually.

Only initiated individuals can access some sacred parts of the hill.

(6). Colonial Influence and Relocation

When the British arrived in the early 20th century, they encouraged the people to relocate to the base of the hills for better access to:

Infrastructure (Roads, Schools, Hospitals)

Commerce

Administration

By the 1920s and 1930s, most of the Idanre population had moved downhill, forming what is now known as modern-day Idanre town.

(7). UNESCO Recognition

In 2007, Nigeria submitted Oke Idanre to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List, citing:

Its exceptional fusion of natural beauty and cultural tradition.

Its ancient civilization and well-preserved monuments.

It is under review for full heritage site status.

(8). Tourism and Preservation Today

Oke Idanre is a major tourist attraction with 667 steps leading up the hill.

Efforts have been made to preserve its natural ecosystem, historical monuments, and sacred sites.

Local guides share the history and myths with visitors, helping keep oral traditions alive.

QUEEN NZINGA OF NDONGO

Queen Nzinga (1583-1663) of Ndongo who fought Europeans influence & liberated Angola.

Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (c.1583–1663) was a brilliant and resilient African leader from what is now Angola. Born a princess of the Mbundu people, her name “Nzinga” came from the Kimbundu word kujinga, meaning "to twist"—a reference to her birth. She rose to prominence in a time of Portuguese colonization and the transatlantic slave trade.

Initially an ambassador for her brother King Ngola Mbandi, Nzinga negotiated a peace treaty with the Portuguese in 1622. Famously, during a diplomatic meeting, she asserted her dignity by having an aide kneel to form a human throne when no seat was offered to her. Despite the treaty, the Portuguese broke their promises and continued their aggression.

After her brother’s death—possibly by suicide or foul play—Nzinga assumed the throne in 1624, though Mbundu tradition barred women from ruling. She converted to Catholicism and took the name Dona Ana de Sousa, using religion and diplomacy as tools to solidify her leadership.

Nzinga fiercely resisted Portuguese colonialism for over 40 years, forming alliances with the Jaga and Imbangala warriors, offering sanctuary to runaway slaves, and undermining Portuguese forces by infiltrating their ranks with loyal agents. She led a counterattack from her new base in Matamba, which she took over after being temporarily exiled.

Nzinga established Matamba as a military and trading power, allying with the Dutch to fight the Portuguese. Although her alliance failed to drive them out completely, she forced a treaty in 1657 that acknowledged her authority. She continued to resist until her death in 1663 at the age of 80.

Nzinga is remembered as one of Africa’s greatest anti-colonial and anti-slavery figures, known for her political acumen, military strategy, and unyielding leadership in defense of her people and land.

HISTORY OF ANCIENT GHANA EMPIRE

The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou, was a West African empire that existed roughly between the 8th and 13th centuries CE, primarily in the region of modern-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali.

It was founded by the Soninke people, a Mande-speaking ethnic group.

 It was known for its wealth derived from controlling the trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and ivory. The empire's kings were referred to as "kings of gold" due to their immense wealth.

The word Ghana means warrior or war chief, and was the title given to the rulers of the kingdom. Kaya Maghan (king of gold) was another title for these kings. The Soninke name for the polity was Ouagadou. This meant the "place of the Wague", the term current in the 19th century for the local nobility or may have meant 'the land of great herds'.

Ghana's rise to power was based on its control of the trans-Saharan trade routes.

The empire became extremely wealthy through the trade of gold, salt, ivory, slaves, and kola nuts.

It served as a middleman between North African Berber traders and the forests of West Africa.

The capital city, Koumbi Saleh, was a major trading hub and had two sections: one for Muslims (mostly merchants), and one for the royal court.

The empire had a centralized government led by a powerful king known as the "Ghana".

The king was both a political ruler and a religious leader.

Ghana maintained a large and well-equipped army, using iron weapons to expand and defend its territory.

Subordinate kings paid tribute to the Ghana emperor, showing the empire’s strong influence over the region.

RELIGION.

The indigenous Soninke people practiced traditional African religions.

Islam was introduced by Muslim traders from North Africa.

Over time, Islam spread, especially among the merchant class, but the royal court largely remained animist.

Despite differences in belief, there was religious tolerance, and Islamic learning began to influence administrative practices and literacy.

Decline of the Empire.

In 1076, the empire was invaded by the Almoravids, a Muslim Berber group from the north.

Although the invasion did not lead to complete conquest, it weakened Ghana significantly.

But Internal problems, including rebellions and overreliance on trade, worsened the situation.

Another factor that leads to the decline of the Ghana empire is Environmental changes, such as drought and desertification, also reduced agricultural productivity and trade flow.

By 1240, the Ghana Empire had collapsed, and its territories were absorbed by the rising Mali Empire, led by Sundiata Keita.

MODERN GHANA.

Ghana,officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It lies adjacent to the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing a border with Ivory Coast (Côte d'lvoire) in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Togo in the east.

In 1957, the British colony of the Gold Coast, under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah named itself Ghana upon independence.

YORUBA: A NATION OF 26 TRIBES, A SHARED ANCESTRY

A nation is defined as a community of people bound together by a common language, history, ethnicity, culture, and, in many cases, a shared territory. The Yoruba people, also known historically as the Omoluàbí , form a distinct nation with deep historical and cultural roots traced back to Ile-Ife, the ancestral home of the Yoruba civilization.

Despite recent claims by some subgroups denying their Yoruba identity, historical and genealogical records confirm that they remain Yoruba by ancestry. Their origins, traditions, and cultural practices all point to a shared lineage that cannot be erased by modern political or social narratives.

The Yoruba nation consists of 26 distinct tribes, each contributing to the rich tapestry of Yoruba heritage:

Yoruba-Ife

Yoruba-Oyo

Yoruba-Igbomina

Yoruba-Ekiti

Yoruba-Owé

Yoruba-Òwòrò

Yoruba-Akoko

Yoruba-Ijesa

Yoruba-Owo

Yoruba-Akure

Yoruba-Ondo

Yoruba-Ikale

Yoruba-Ilaje

Yoruba-Egba

Yoruba-Ijebu

Yoruba-Awori

Yoruba-Yewa

Yoruba-Ohori (Benin Republic)

Yoruba-Onko

Yoruba-Remo

Yoruba-Ife or Ana (Togo)

Yoruba-Itsekiri

Yoruba-Ibarapa

Additionally, major Yoruba urban centers such as Lagos, Ibadan, and Ilorin are melting pots of multiple Yoruba tribes:

Lagos – A combination of Awori, Ijebu, Remo, Egba, and Yewa tribes.

Ibadan – A combination of Oyo, Ijebu, Egba, Remo, and Yewa tribes.

Ilorin – A combination of Oyo, Igbomina, Ekiti, Oworo, and Owe tribes.

The Yoruba identity is not just about language or geography—it is about shared ancestry, traditions, and a legacy that has stood the test of time. The attempt by some groups to sever themselves from this rich heritage is a modern construct that does not align with historical reality. The Yoruba nation, with its diverse yet unified cultural landscape, remains a force to be reckoned with in African history.

Source: YorubaHistory

The Untold African Legacy of Belize: A Journey Worth Taking

When people think of Belize, they often imagine turquoise waters, Mayan ruins, and lush jungles. But beneath the beauty lies a powerful story that’s rarely told—a story of African strength, resilience, and cultural legacy that has shaped the heart of the nation. From the vibrant rhythms of Garifuna drumming to the language, cuisine, and values of the Creole people, Africa lives and breathes in Belize.

The majority of Afro-descendant communities in Belize reside in places like Dangriga, Hopkins, Punta Gorda, and the southern districts of Stann Creek and Toledo. Dangriga, often called the “Cultural Capital of Belize,” is home to the Garifuna people, descendants of Africans who escaped slavery and blended with Indigenous Caribs on the island of St. Vincent before arriving in Belize. Their arrival is still celebrated every November 19th—Garifuna Settlement Day—with powerful music, dance, and rituals that preserve African memory and pride.

What many don’t realize is just how deeply African influence has shaped Belizean culture. From the syncopated beats of paranda and punta music, to traditional foods like hudut (fish stew with coconut and mashed plantain), and even the Belizean Creole language—Africa’s fingerprints are everywhere. And yet, these stories remain in the shadows of more dominant narratives.

It’s time to change that. If you’re looking for history, heritage, and healing, Belize is calling. Walk the beaches of Hopkins and hear the ancestral drums echo through the night. Taste the history in every bite, and meet people whose identity is a living testament to survival, strength, and joy. Belize isn’t just a paradise—it’s a portal to rediscover Black excellence in the Americas. Visit, learn, and let your heart be changed forever.

Monday, 5 May 2025

The Story Of Giants From Edo Ethnic Group

Some people say Giant never lived on the Surface of the Earth 🌎 but We the Edo kingdom have a Story that made men wonder how it came about, Everything you have been told about Giant's has happened to us. 

So many  years Ago A Giant lived amongst men in the Heart of the Ancient city of Benin, He was described to be Above 20 ft Tall and had  Six(6) fingers in each hand making it 12 fingers all together, his toes where Six(6) on each foot making it a total number of Twelve (12). 

His Voice Roar like Thunder and every step of his foot was heavier than that of a drum Sound. 

Every Morning when he wakes up, he uproot a Palm Tree to sweep his father's compound and it's Environs, He was fearless and Brutal. 

The Sound of his Name Feared the heart of Men.

He had Mystic Powers and was a man that Never saw Death.

His Name is Prince Idubor Also called Aruanran or Aruan, a son of Oba Ozolua ( the Fearless and Warlord King) and his Mother was Queen Ohonmi. It was said that Prince Idubor was destined to be the King of the Great Benin Kingdom but Circumstances Surrounding his birth made it not possible because as at the time he was born he refuse to cry, he was born in the early hour's of the morning and his brother Esigie was born in the Afternoon and he cried before Prince Idubor.

Aruan was known All over for his fearless Approach towards everything he does. A wonder amongst men. He led battles and won all for his father Oba Ozolua. 

Oba gha tokpehh iseeee... 

Source : Edo history 

Did you know?

A new ocean is forming in Africa along a 35-mile crack that opened up in Ethiopia in 2005.

The crack, which has been expanding ever since, is a result of three tectonic plates pulling away from each other.

It’s thought that Africa’s new ocean will take at least 5 million to 10 million years to form, but the Afar region’s fortuitous location at the boundaries of the Nubian, Somali and Arabian plates makes it a unique laboratory to study elaborate tectonic processes.

There are still some big unknowns, including what is causing the continent to rift apart. Some think that a massive plume of superheated rocks rising from the mantle beneath East Africa could be driving the region’s continental rift.

Each plate boundary in the Afar region is spreading at different speeds, but the combined forces of these separating plates is creating what’s known as a mid-ocean ridge system, where eventually a new ocean will form.

The three plates are separating at different speeds. The Arabian plate is moving away from Africa at a rate of about 1 inch per year, while the two African plates are separating even slower, between half an inch to 0.2 inches per year.

HISTORY LESSON

In Africa, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, the President of oil-rich Equatorial Guinea 🇬🇶, has been in power for 46 years. He is currently 82 years old, much older than Traoré, yet the West won't call him a dictator because they benefit from his looting and oil.

Paul Biya, the President of Cameroon 🇨🇲, has been in power for 43 years. He is currently 91 years old, yet France is fine with him and won’t call him a dictator because he is their puppet and does whatever they want.

Yoweri Museveni, the President of Uganda 🇺🇬, has been in power for 39 years. He is currently 79 years old, yet the West is not trying to remove him because he serves their interests and they benefit from his corruption.

Ismail Omar Guelleh, the President of Djibouti 🇩🇯, has been in power for 26 years. He is currently 77 years old, yet the Americans don't call him a dictator because his country hosts the largest U.S. military base in Africa.

As Thomas Sankara once said, "If you see the West praise me, just know that I have betrayed you.

The West doesn’t go after the leaders who are destroying, looting, and exploiting Africa. They go after the leaders who resist their imperial systems, their neocolonial control, and those who fight for total economic liberation. They killed Thomas Sankara and supported Blaise Compaoré. They killed Patrice Lumumba and allowed Mobutu Sese Seko to destroy Congo. They killed Muammar Gaddafi, and now Libya is a war-torn, modern slave depot nation.

The West’s only interest is their own. They have no genuine concern for Africa’s progress. All they want, and all they have ever wanted, is to see Africa drowning in poverty, terrorism, and disunity, while they and their puppet leaders in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Congo, South Africa, Mozambique, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya, etc continue to destroy the continent from within.

They lie about Islamist terrorism in Africa, but it is their own handiwork. They are the ones who create these terrorist groups, fund them, and arm them to prevent African countries from prospering while they loot African resources. Think about it: why are terrorists in Nigeria primarily active in the Niger Delta and areas rich in strategic minerals and resources? It's plain and simple: they create the terrorists, supply them with modern weapons (where would illiterate militants get the expertise and resources to buy and operate such weapons otherwise?), and push them to destabilize African nations that have the potential to become a super power. Meanwhile, behind the scenes, they and their puppet leaders continue to steal minerals and enrich themselves.

It’s that simple.

That’s why Boko Haram has existed in Nigeria for longer than you can imagine, and yet Africa’s third-strongest army, the Nigerian Army, has been unable to eliminate them for years now. Hilarious.

The West will continue to support their puppets as long as it benefits them, while they will do everything they can to eliminate anti-imperialist and anti-neocolonial leaders like Traoré who are against their atrocious imperial policies.

Wake up, young Africans. This is the script.

HAMANI DIORI

Hamani Diori (6 June 1916 – 23 April 1989) was the first President of the Republic of Niger. He was appointed to that office in 1960, when Niger gained independence from France.

 Although corruption was a common feature of his administration, he gained international respect for his role as a spokesman for African affairs and as a popular arbitrator in conflicts.

Born in Soudouré, near the capital, Niamey, Diori was the son of a public health officer in the French colonial administration. He attended William Ponty Teachers' Training College in Dakar, Senegal, and worked as a teacher in Niger from 1936 to 1938, then became a Hausa and Djerma foreign language instructor at the Institute of Study Abroad, in Paris.

Niger gained independence from France on 3 August 1960 and Diori was elected president by the country's national assembly in November 1960. Organizing a powerful coalition of Hausa, Fula, and (most prominently) Djerma leaders, including chiefs and traditionalists, in support of Niger’s independence referendum, Diori gained French favor.

 He also narrowly escaped assassination in 1965. Faced with an attempted military coup and attacks by members of Sawaba, he used French advisers and troops to strengthen his rule. Close links with France lead to student and union protests against what they described as "French neocolonialism". However, his relationship with France suffered when his government voiced dissatisfaction with the level of investment in uranium production when Georges Pompidou visited Niger in 1972.

Widespread civil disorder followed allegations that some government ministers were misappropriating stocks of food aid and accused Diori of consolidating power. Diori limited cabinet appointments to fellow Djerma, family members, and close friends. In addition, he acquired new powers by declaring himself the minister of foreign and defense affairs. On 15 April 1974, Lieutenant colonel Seyni Kountché led a military coup that ended Diori's rule. He was imprisoned for six years. After his release in 1980, he remained under house arrest until 1987.

After being released from house arrest, he moved to Morocco, where he died on 23 April 1989 at the age of 72.

The Secrets Deals France Forced On Mali And Other African Nations After Colonization

These are the post-independence agreements France forced its former African colonies to sign that are still in effect today in most former French colonies.

Colonial Debt – Former colonies were required to repay France for the "benefits" of colonization, effectively reimbursing their colonizers.

Control of Financial Reserves – France automatically seized and managed the national financial reserves of its ex-colonies.

First Rights to Resources – Any raw or natural resource discovered had to be offered to France before any other country.

Preference in Contracts – French companies were given priority in public contracts and tenders.

Military Dependency – France held exclusive rights to supply arms and train military personnel.

Military Intervention – France retained the right to deploy troops and intervene militarily to protect its interests.

Annual Reporting – Former colonies had to send France a yearly financial report and reserve account.

No Independent Alliances – They were forbidden from forming military alliances without France’s approval.

Mandatory Support in Wars – Colonies were obliged to side with France in any war or global conflict and fight for France were necessary.

Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger broke away from these.

THE BLACKAMOORS OF EUROPE

In the 15th century CE, all African nobles in Europe were fighting for survival. The Papacy in Rome had declared a Papal bull (Romanus pontifex) in 1455, written by pope Nicholas V, which declared all blackamoors as heretics... and that they should be subjected to perpetual Slavery. The enslavement or massacre of these Africans was allowed. The blackamoors lost all their territories in Europe and were left with only one stronghold in the south of Spain.

On February 2, 1492, the blackamoors surrendered all their castles to the church. The truce was broken by Spain shortly after. The massacre was great, so much so that the new Sultan of Constantinople, head of the ottoman empire, sent ships to collect and escort survivals to his lands. Some of the survivals went back into Africa.

A great numbers of the blackamoors were seized and they became the first group of people to be shipped to the Americas as 'slave and property.' This group of enslaved men and women had the letter 'R' emblazoned onto their flesh, on the forehead or on the right shoulder, indicating that they are property of the Spanish royal court. For example, when Alexander Pissaro, (who killed AttaHuaxca, emperor of the Inca people, in the 1520s and took over the Inca lands) was given permission by the Royal house of Castile to take over the land, several of these enslaved blackamoors were given to him as servants.

This was a tremendous fall. It was to affect millions of Africans who had always remained on their native lands, mostly without the slightest idea of what had happened in Europe.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World 

Sunday, 4 May 2025

Easter Series: Where Is the Real Eden?

Imagine, for a moment, a lush garden described as the origin of humanity—Eden—through which four rivers once flowed: the Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, and Euphrates. Now imagine that this garden vanished, along with all four rivers. If that’s the case, let’s apply basic logic: Can a location with only two rivers be the same as one with four?

The word Mesopotamia literally means “between two rivers”—the Tigris and Euphrates. The name Tigris comes from the Akkadian Idiqlat, dating to around 2500 BCE, and means “flows swiftly.” So here’s the question: Is it possible that Mesopotamia—home to only two known rivers—is the same place described in Genesis as having four? Based on sheer numerical and geographic mismatch, the answer is: highly unlikely.

Thankfully, we now have a scientific lens unavailable to ancient scribes: paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climates through sediment cores, fossil pollen, satellite imaging, and dry riverbeds. It tells us something extraordinary: the Sahara was once green. Not just green, but flowing—with at least four major river systems, now long vanished.

Among them is the Tamanrasset River, which once coursed from the Hoggar Mountains in Algeria to the Atlantic Ocean—confirmed by radar data from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Other ancient rivers include Wadi Sahabi, Wadi al-Hayat, and Wadi Tanezzuft, feeding a vast fertile zone across what is today Libya, Chad, and Niger.

Satellite imagery and archaeological discoveries reveal ancient lake systems, fish fossils, Neolithic settlements, and cave art depicting giraffes, crocodiles, and abundant vegetation—all buried beneath the dunes. In Paleohydrology of the Sahara (Drake et al., 2010), scientists confirm that the region supported a “Green Sahara” between 10,000–5,000 BCE, matching Eden’s criteria: fertility, early civilization, and four rivers.

And all major evidence—fossil records, genetics, linguistics, archaeology, and early written tradition—points to a single origin for humanity: Africa.

Eden wasn’t between two rivers.

It was buried beneath sand.

And paleoclimatology dug it back up.

None of this is a historical mystery. If you had studied history, you’d already know who we are.

In the 1st century BCE, Diodorus Siculus wrote of the Ethiopians—Black Africans south of Egypt—as the first humans, the first to honor the gods, invent ritual, and receive divine favor:

“They say that because of their piety toward divinity, they clearly received divine grace and have never been captured nor experienced a foreign despot… Heracles and Dionysus, in their travels over the inhabited world, left only the Ethiopians beyond Egypt unconquered because of the Ethiopians’ piety and the very great difficulty of the attempt.”

(Bibliotheca Historica, 3.3)

Diodorus continues:

“The historians relate that the Ethiopians were the first humans, and they say that there is clear evidence for this claim. Nearly all sources agree that the Ethiopians did not arrive from elsewhere, but being born from the land they are justly called autochthonous. They add that it is obvious to all that the people who live under the midday sun are probably the first that the earth brought forth. This is because the sun’s heat dried up the earth as it was still wet from the genesis of everything and produced life.”

(The Library of History 3.1–10)

Even Homer, the father of Greek epic, placed the gods of Olympus not in Athens or Delphi, but in Ethiopia, where they feasted with the “blameless Ethiopians.” Cambyses of Persia tried to conquer them. He failed. So did Semiramis. So did the legends of Greece.

The gods went where memory was longest. And memory, in Africa, never died.

#Africa #World #History

Africa’s Pastoralists: The Untold Story

1️⃣ Who Are Africa’s Pastoralists?  

■ 50 million pastoralists (42% of the world's herders) thrive in Africa, yet their legacy is overlooked.  

■ One of humanity's oldest professions, dating back to 10,000 BCE—surviving where farming fails.

2️⃣ Colonialism's Invisible Wounds  

■ Land theft: Mobile pastoralists were labeled "nomads" so their lands could be stolen legally.  

■ Farmers vs. herders: Sedentary communities held power; pastoralists were pushed into barren frontiers.

3️⃣ The Double-Edged Sword of Pastoralism  

 Strengths:  

■ Low environmental impact—works with nature, not against it.  

■ Early innovators: First astronomers, timekeepers, and legal systems (Sahara, 9000 BCE).

7 Critical Struggles Today:  

■ Land loss: Governments and corporations seize ancestral grazing lands for private use.  

■ Cattle rustling: Armed theft of livestock destroys livelihoods and fuels violence.  

■ No safety nets: Zero financial support when droughts or policies force families out of pastoralism.  

■ Gender-based violence: Pastoral women face higher rates of assault than non-pastoral women.  

■ Education gap: Pastoral girls have Africa's highest illiteracy rates—double the average.  

■ Healthcare crisis: Mothers carry sick children 50km on foot; many die in childbirth.  

■ Urban marginalization: Climate refugees face crime and exclusion in crowded cities.

4️⃣ Quiet Resistance  

■ Ancient democracy: Councils of elders (like the Maasai Laibon) still govern justly.  

■ Modern warriors: Grassroots groups fight for land rights and climate justice.

5️⃣ The Fight for Survival  

■ Land justice: Mobile grazing rights = survival.  

■ Education revolution: Camel libraries deliver books to remote Kenyan children.  

■ Healthcare on wheels: Mobile clinics save lives in Chad's deserts.

6️⃣ DYK Ancient Egypt emerged from Pastoralism?

Ancient Egypt’s civilization emerged from pastoralist roots, beginning with nomadic herders who thrived in the Green Sahara (7000–5000 BCE). As the region dried, these tribes migrated to the Nile Valley, bringing cattle-worship traditions and animal husbandry skills that would later shape Egyptian culture. Archaeologists have uncovered their legacy at sites like Nabta Playa, featuring the world’s oldest stone calendar and ritual cattle burials. Though the Nile’s floods enabled agriculture to dominate, pastoral influences endured: gods like Hathor (depicted as a cow) and pharaonic titles like "Strong Bull" reflected this heritage. Even today, groups like the Beja people maintain nomadic traditions along Egypt’s borders. Taxes were collected through the cattle count. This fusion of pastoral and farming practices created the foundation for one of history’s most enduring civilizations—proving Egypt’s grandeur was built not just on crops, but on the backs of sacred cattle and the knowledge of ancient herders.

7️⃣ DYK The Mongol Empire Was Built on Pastoral Genius?

The Mongol Empire’s world-conquering power sprang from nomadic pastoralism, perfected over millennia on the Central Asian steppe. From 1206 CE, Genghis Khan united horse-riding clans whose entire culture revolved around herds—they drank mare’s milk, lived in portable gers, and measured wealth in livestock. Their mobility became military strategy: cavalry archers could ride 80 miles daily, outpacing any settled army. Even their governance reflected pastoral roots—the "Pax Mongolica" guaranteed safe passage for merchants along the Silk Road, much like seasonal grazing routes. The Mongols used a kurultai system, where tribal leaders and bone-rank elites gathered to elect the Great Khan through consensus, often involving debates (under the gaze of the eternal blue sky Tengri), feasts, and displays of loyalty, though military strength and noble lineage heavily influenced outcomes. Today, Mongolia still has 3x more horses than people, and 25% of the population remains nomadic herders. The empire that once ruled from Beijing to Budapest proved pastoralism wasn’t just a lifestyle—it was the ultimate geopolitical weapon.

8️⃣ Governance and Other Pastoral Customs

Pastoral communities usually have their own laws which they have developed. They have evolving customs they follow to survive. They  have music, and they tend to carry arms for self-defence. They usually have clans, a senate (council of elders) and an elected leader. They were among the earliest communities in Africa to develop a Situational Democratic system.

Overall, while I have tried to keep the information provided mostly accurate, it is important to recognize that Africa is a diverse continent with a wide range of cultures, histories, and experiences, and there can be variations and complexities within the pastoralist communities across different regions.

Let me know if you think there is anything I have missed.

#Africa #World

THE REAL NORTH AMERICANS WERE INDIANS AND THEIR NAMES ARE NAMED AFTER THE PLACE OF THEIR TRIBE NAME

Half of all US states, 25 to be exact, are named after Native Americans.

We will take a look at some of the 25 states and the meaning of their names. They will be listed in alphabetical order.

(1). Alabama: Named after the Alabama tribe, or Alibamu, a Muskogean-speaking tribe. Sources are divided between the meanings "clearers of the thicket" or "gatherers of herbs."

(2). Alaska: Named after the Aleut word “alaxsxaq,” meaning “the mainland”

(3). Arizona: Named after the O'odham word “al ĭ ṣonak,” meaning “little spring”

4. Connecticut: Named after the Mohican word “quonehtacut,” meaning “place of the long tidal river”

(5). Hawaii: Original Hawaiian word meaning “homeland”

(6). Illinois: Named after the Illinois word “illiniwek,” meaning “men”

(7). Iowa: Named after the Ioway tribe, whose name means “gray snow”

(8). Kansas: Named after the Kansa tribe, whose name means “people of the south wind”

(9). Kentucky: Origins unclear, may have been named after the Iroquoian word “Kentake,” meaning “in the meadow”

(10). Massachusetts: Named after the Algonquin word “Massadchu-es-et,” meaning “big-hill-little-place.”

(11). Michigan: From the Chippewa word “Michigama,” meaning “big lake.”

(12). Minnesota: Named after the Dakota Indian word “Minisota” meaning “white water.”

(13). Mississippi: Named after the river that was named by the Choctaw, meaning “big water” or “father of waters.”

(14). Missouri: Named after the Missouri tribe whose name means “those who have dug canoes.”

#BlackHistory #World 

HISTORY LESSON

You’ve heard of Caesar. You’ve heard of Napoleon. But have you heard of Askia the Great?

In 1493, just a year after Columbus set sail for the Americas, Askia Mohammed Toure rose to power in West Africa and built the Songhai Empire into one of the greatest empires the world has ever seen.

He ruled a realm said to be larger than all of Europe. His capital, Timbuktu, became the Harvard of the 16th century—where students studied law, grammar, surgery, and philosophy under renowned scholars.

Books were imported from North Africa and sold for more than gold. Doctors, judges, and scholars earned high salaries from the king himself. Timbuktu had over 100,000 people, with libraries, schools, and mosques that rivaled any in Europe or Asia.

Askia didn’t just conquer—he reformed the military, built a strong financial system, and promoted education and justice. Henry Barth called him “one of the most brilliant  and enlightened administrators of all time.”

It’s time to rewrite the narrative.
It’s time the world remembered ASKIA THE GREAT.

HISTORY LESSON

These are the post-independence agreements France forced its former African colonies to sign that are still in effect today in most former French colonies:

Colonial Debt – Former colonies were required to repay France for the "benefits" of colonization, effectively reimbursing their colonizers.

Control of Financial Reserves – France automatically seized and managed the national financial reserves of its ex-colonies.

First Rights to Resources – Any raw or natural resource discovered had to be offered to France before any other country.

Preference in Contracts – French companies were given priority in public contracts and tenders.

Military Dependency – France held exclusive rights to supply arms and train military personnel.

Military Intervention – France retained the right to deploy troops and intervene militarily to protect its interests.

Annual Reporting – Former colonies had to send France a yearly financial report and reserve account.

No Independent Alliances – They were forbidden from forming military alliances without France’s approval.

Mandatory Support in Wars – Colonies were obliged to side with France in any war or global conflict and fight for France were necessary.

Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger broke away from these.

Saturday, 3 May 2025

THE STORY OF UGANDA TODAY

After we passed a law against homosexuality, the West STOPPED the World Bank from giving us loans, but our economy grew by 6%.” ~ Yoweri Museveni (President of Uganda 🇺🇬). This statement refers to the events surrounding the 2014 passage of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Act, which imposed severe penalties on same-sex relationships and drew widespread condemnation from Western governments, NGOs, and international institutions. In retaliation, the World Bank suspended a $90 million loan aimed at improving Uganda’s health system, and several Western nations redirected or froze aid. Museveni, defending the law as aligned with Ugandan cultural values, condemned the Western response as a form of neo-colonial coercion, claiming that foreign powers were using aid as leverage to enforce alien values on African societies.

Despite this backlash, Uganda’s economy grew by around 6% that year, which Museveni and his government cited as proof that the country could thrive without compromising its cultural identity. The moment became symbolic of a broader push for African sovereignty, especially on moral and social issues. Although the law was struck down by Uganda’s Constitutional Court later in 2014 due to procedural irregularities—not external pressure—the political stance persisted.

Fast forward to 2025, Uganda continues to experience economic resilience, with steady growth driven by public infrastructure investment, oil sector development, regional trade, and a youthful workforce.

The Ugandan government maintains that economic progress is achievable without capitulating to Western moral expectations. Museveni and other officials still use the 2014 incident as a rallying point to emphasize self-reliance, cultural independence, and resistance to external moral dictates—a sentiment echoed in several African nations navigating similar pressures.

The Great Fisherman Ofarnyi Kwegya

The statue of the giant that arrived from ancient Egypt to Ghana erected at Moree in the Central Region.

Ofarnyi Kwegya was part of Asebu Amanfi and his group of people that arrived from Ancient Egypt to present day Asebu town in the Central Region of Ghana. Asebu Amanfi and Ofarnyi Kwegya were both giants according to oral traditional history. Asebu Amanfi on his arrival moved inland and founded Asebu township. Ofarnyi Kwegya was a master fisherman who settled on the coast due to the abundance of Mɔrolɛ (Stingray) in the rivers, henceforth the name Mɔrolɛ or Moree.

The late Ofarnyi Kwegya was the greatest fisherman ever to have lived in Ghana. 

After his death, no fisherman has been able to equal his achievements. 

Bfarnyi Kwegya was a master fisherman who was able to capture huge number of fishes due to his size. His fishing activities took him and his men to several parts of the coast of present day Central Region.

He settled in Moree, Winneba, Apam and other parts of the coast 🇬🇭

Source: Asafo Flags

#VisitGhana #Ancestors #YearOfReturn #Ancestral #Historical #Ghana #Culture #Tourism #Tourist #Attractiions #Africa #WestAfrica #Nature #EcoTourism #Rasta #Rastafari #Rastaman #Roots #BlackCulture #BlackHistory #OneLove #BlackUnity #Heritage #AfricanDiaspora #AfricanHeritage #AfricanCulture #BlackHeritage #FolkLore #Drumming #BlackHistoryMonth

Tsonga People: A Vibrant People Of Southern Africa

The Tsonga people, also known as the Xitsonga, are a vibrant cultural group native to Southern Africa, particularly in South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe.

The Tsonga people have a rich history and culture that has shaped their unique identity, including the use of their native language, Xitsonga, and their traditional music, dance, and storytelling.

Despite facing challenges such as colonization and displacement, the Tsonga people have remained resilient and proud of their heritage, passing down their traditions and customs from generation to generation.

One of the most distinctive aspects of Tsonga culture is their artistry and craftsmanship, particularly in beadwork and pottery.

The Tsonga people are also known for their unique cuisine, which includes dishes such as "Xima," a maize-based porridge that is a staple food in many Tsonga households, and "Mutundu," a type of stew that is often served with maize meal.

When it comes to music and dance, the Tsonga people are famous for their lively and energetic "Tsonga Disco" style, which combines traditional rhythms with modern beats and is popular throughout Southern Africa.

The Tsonga people have a rich and vibrant history and culture that has survived centuries of change and challenges. From their distinctive arts and crafts to their dynamic music and dance, the Tsonga people are a source of pride and inspiration for the African continent and beyond.

By learning about and appreciating the Tsonga people, we can better understand the diversity and beauty of human culture and celebrate the contributions that indigenous communities make to our shared global heritage.

#Tsonga #VhaTsonga #SouthAfrica #Africa  #Zimbabwe #Mozambique #SouthernAfrica

Friday, 2 May 2025

ILAWE EKITI TOWN IN NIGERIA

Ilawe-Ekiti, a town in Ekiti State, Nigeria, has a history rooted in the 13th century. It's one of the few ancient towns that remained in its original location. Ilawe-Ekiti is predominantly inhabited by Yoruba people, who trace their origins to Ile-Ife, and it also has a history of immigration from Benin. The town is characterized by a homogeneous culture and the use of both Ekiti and Yoruba dialects.

Key Historical Points: Foundation

Ilawe-Ekiti was founded around the 13th century and has maintained its original location, unlike other towns that shifted sites.

Yoruba Heritage:

The majority of Ilawe-Ekiti's inhabitants are Yoruba people, who trace their lineage back to Ile-Ife.

Immigration:

The town also experienced waves of immigrants or settlers, including those from Benin.

Language:

Ilawe-Ekiti people speak both Ekiti dialect and Yoruba, reflecting the town's diverse heritage.

Cultural Homogeneity:

The town exhibits a strong sense of cultural homogeneity, despite its diverse origins.

Early Religious Beliefs:

Before the arrival of Christian missionaries, Ilawe-Ekiti people practiced traditional Yoruba religion, worshipping deities like Ikereje, Ogun, and Orunmila.

Christianity's Arrival:

In the early 1900s, Christian missionaries arrived, and a few Ilawe-Ekiti residents, including Mr. Samuel Dada and Mr. Ajila, became early converts, demonstrating the town's early receptiveness to new ideas.

#Africa #Nigeria #World

Burkina Faso President Comrade Ibrahim Traoré

The harsh reality is that Comrade Ibrahim Traoré is a dead man walking. We must live with that reality. Once France and the U.S. have set their sights on him, it is just a matter of time.

They don’t like him fundamentally because they are unable to get access to his country’s resources while he is in charge. That is the exact reason Sudan is in flames. Who do you think funds the Rapid Support Forces? This is the same reason Congo is in flames. Who funds the rebels? They say Rwanda—but whose interest is Rwanda fronting?

It is a complete lie to suggest that Ibrahim Traoré is being targeted because there is human rights abuse in Burkina Faso. There is no country in the world with a worse human rights record (past and present) than the U.S. The U.S. cannot lecture any country on human rights.

Unfortunately, they have succeeded in sowing seeds of discord among Traoré’s men. It won’t be long until one of them (literally) stabs him in the back. Blaise Compaoré killed Thomas Sankara. They were friends from school days into military training. Sankara’s family welcomed Blaise into their home, fed him, and supported him. When Sankara became head of state, Blaise was his right-hand man. But he forgot their friendship and connived with Félix Houphouët-Boigny, the then Ivorian president, to get rid of Sankara. It is the same script that is playing out now—a perfect puppet in Alassane Ouattara is facilitating the compromise of Traoré’s men to take him down, and I personally believe they will succeed soon.

Just as they succeeded in taking down Muammar Gaddafi—and we did nothing—they will take down Traoré, and we won’t be able to do anything. Already, some politicians from Nigeria and Kenya (two countries very friendly to imperialism) have started referring to him as a mere hype who has offered nothing to his people. Much as there is some hype and misinformation about Traoré—and in fact, it is not all milk and honey in Burkina—there is also evidence to show that Traoré is working for his people and is taking control of the ownership and exploration of mineral resources from European and American interests.

Some of the accusations against him are that he has banned the critical press, he’s not conducting free elections, there is no opposition—bla bla bla. Israel has banned critical press, killed journalists in the line of duty, killed volunteers in their line of work, etc. Why is the U.S. not having a problem with that? Paul Kagame and Faure Gnassingbé have banned and oppressed opposition, do not conduct any credible elections, and have banned free media. Why is nobody having a problem with them? There are many military leaders who got to power through coup d’états in Africa. Why is Ibrahim Traoré the only one that is wanted? These are critical questions we should ask ourselves.

In a recent video widely circulated online, the current U.S. Vice President was heard clearly stating that they are at war with China because the goal of globalization was to ensure that smaller countries supply cheap labour and raw materials to the bigger countries to drive their development. But China decided to not only supply cheap labour and raw materials—they copied, perfected the act of production, and became competitive. That’s why they are currently targeting China with false propaganda and tariffs.

In Ghana, Nkrumah was brought down because he was accused of being a dictator who abused human rights and all that. Those who came after him did worse. In Congo, Lumumba was killed—some of his body parts dissolved in acid—because he would rather take control of his resources and put his people first than allow Belgium to continue to exploit them. Italy dropped bombs on Ethiopia because they couldn’t stand seeing an African country prosper. Thomas Sankara and Gaddafi died for the same reason. Laurent Gbagbo was harassed out of power because he was beginning to cut his country from France’s umbilical cord. The history goes on and on and on—and in all that, they are able to find conspirators within the countries to help execute their plans. Unfortunately, Traoré won’t be different.

*** Agents of the West in Nigeria, Ghana and Cote d' Voire will call what's happening in Burkina Faso as a mere hype or fluke simply because they are already used to being manipulated by the West.

Written by Thomas Daniel

Thursday, 1 May 2025

SARAH BAARTMAN

Two centuries ago Sarah Baartman died after years spent in European "freak shows". Now rumours over a possible Hollywood film about Baartman's life have sparked controversy.

Sarah Baartman died on 29 December 1815, but her exhibition continued.

Her brain, skeleton and sexual organs remained on display in a Paris museum until 1974. Her remains weren't repatriated and buried until 2002.

Brought to Europe seemingly on false pretences by a British doctor, stage-named the "Hottentot Venus", she was paraded around "freak shows" in London and Paris, with crowds invited to look at her large buttocks.

Baartman's life was one of huge hardship. It is thought she was born in South Africa's Eastern Cape in 1789, her mother died when she was two and her father, a cattle driver, died when she was an adolescent. She entered domestic service in Cape Town after a Dutch colonist murdered her partner, with whom she had had a baby who died.

In October 1810, although illiterate, Baartman allegedly signed a contract with English ship surgeon William Dunlop and mixed-race entrepreneur Hendrik Cesars, in whose household she worked, saying she would travel to England to take part in shows.

The reason was that Baartman, also known as Sara or Saartjie, had what was called "steatopygia", resulting in extremely protuberant buttocks due to a build-up of fat.

These made her a cause of fascination when she was exhibited at a venue in London's Piccadilly Circus after her arrival. "You have to remember that, at the time, it was highly fashionable and desirable for women to have large bottoms, so lots of people envied what she had naturally, without having to accentuate her figure," says Rachel Holmes, author of The Hottentot Venus: The Life and Death of Saartjie Baartman.

On stage she wore skin-tight, flesh-coloured clothing, as well as beads and feathers, and smoked a pipe. Wealthy customers could pay for private demonstrations in their homes, with their guests allowed to touch her.

Baartman's promoters nicknamed her the "Hottentot Venus", with "hottentot" - now seen as derogatory - then being used in Dutch to describe the Khoikhoi and San, who together make up the peoples known as the Khoisan.

The British Empire had abolished the slave trade in 1807, but not slavery itself. Even so, campaigners were appalled at Baartman's treatment in London. Her employers were prosecuted for holding Baartman against her will, but not convicted, with Baartman herself testifying in their favour.

After the case, Baartman's show gradually lost its novelty and popularity among audiences in the capital and she went on tour around Britain and Ireland.

In 1814 she moved to Paris with Cesars. She became a celebrity once more, drinking at the Cafe de Paris and attending society parties. Cesars returned to South Africa and Baartman came under the influence of an "animal exhibitor", with the stage name Reaux. She drank and smoked heavily and, according to Holmes, was "probably prostituted" by him.

Baartman agreed to be studied and painted by a group of scientists and artists but refused to appear fully naked before them, arguing that this was beneath her dignity - she had never done this in one of her shows. This period was the beginning of the study of what became known as "racial science", says Holmes.

Baartman died aged 26. The cause was described as "inflammatory and eruptive disease". It's since been suggested this was a result of pneumonia, syphilis or alcoholism.

The naturalist Georges Cuvier, who had danced with Baartman at one of Reaux's parties, made a plaster cast of her body before dissecting it. He preserved her skeleton and pickled her brain and genitals, placing them in jars displayed at Paris's Museum of Man. They remained on public display until 1974, something Holmes called grotesque.

OROMPOTO THE FIRST AND ONLY FEMALE ALAAFIN OF OYO

Orompoto was the first and only female Alaafın of Oyo. She was the sister of her predecessor, Eguguojo. She assumed the throne in 1554 because there was no male successor to her elder brother at the time.

Legend has it that she cut off her breasts (mastectomy) and put on men's clothing to look like a man and for the Oyo Mesi to accept her as Alaafin.

In 1557, Alaafın Orompoto (the custodian of the vagina that kills evil plots, the king with the great gift, the king with the flabbergasting gift) strengthened Oyo's military might. She imported horses from as far as Timbuktu in Mali and had over 1000 horsemen.

She did tie leaves on the horses' tails so that when they went a fighting, the leaves swept the ground after them to cover trails of the horses' prints.

Alaafın Orompoto was a skilful commander and a tactical leader. She was brave and won many battles. During her reign, Oyo regained its military prestige and was feared across the south of Niger. She died in the battle of Ilayi in 1562.

Source: HistoryVille

Muammar Gaddafi (1942–2011)

Early Life and Rise to Power

- Birth and Background: Born in 1942 near Sirte, Libya, to a Bedouin family, Gaddafi grew up in poverty but excelled academically, studying at the University of Libya before joining the military.  

- 1969 Coup: Inspired by Gamal Abdel Nasser’s Arab nationalism, he led a bloodless coup at 27, overthrowing King Idris I and establishing the Libyan Arab Republic.

Domestic Policies and Governance

(1). The Green Book & Jamahiriya:  

- Authored *The Green Book* (1975), outlining his "Third International Theory," rejecting capitalism and communism in favor of a decentralized "state of the masses" (Jamahiriya).

(2). Social and Economic Reforms:  

- Free Healthcare & Education: Libya achieved high literacy rates (83%) and universal healthcare under his rule.  

- Subsidies: Free electricity, interest-free loans, and housing grants for newlyweds ($50,000) were provided.  

- Oil Wealth Redistribution: Nationalized oil in 1973, funding infrastructure like the Great Man-Made River project.

Foreign Relations and Controversies

- Anti-Western Stance:  

- Expelled U.S./UK military bases (1970) and supported militant groups (IRA, PLO, Black Panthers).  

- Sanctioned for the 1988 Lockerbie bombing (Pan Am Flight 103), though he later admitted responsibility.  

- African Leadership:  

- Championed pan-Africanism, funding the African Union and the RASCOM satellite (reducing communication costs continent-wide).  

- Briefly served as AU chairman (2009) but faced resistance for seeking an extended term.

Downfall and Death

- 2011 Arab Spring Uprising:  

- Protests erupted in Benghazi after Tunisia and Egypt’s revolutions. Gaddafi’s violent crackdown (airstrikes on civilians) triggered NATO intervention.

- Killed by rebels in Sirte on October 20, 2011, ending his 42-year rule.

Legacy

- Mixed Perceptions:  

- Praise: Improved living standards, anti-imperialism, and African unity initiatives.  

- Criticism: Brutal repression, terrorism links, and economic stagnation post-1980s.  

- Posthumous Impact: Libya descended into chaos post-Gaddafi, with ongoing civil strife.

Key Quotes 

- "People who have lived without oil for 5,000 years can live without it again for a few years to attain their rights."  

- "The UN Security Council is no different from al-Qaeda." (2009 UN speech)

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