HISTORY LESSON

The kingdom of Kerma, located in the intersection between Northern Sudan & Southern Egypt, had multi-storey buildings in its Capital between 2,500 BCE and 1,500 BCE.

The city of Kerma (the royal capital of the kingdom of Kerma) was elaborate 4,500-3,500 years ago. It had:

(1). Multi-storey buildings

(2). A monarchy

(3). Fortification walls

(4). Mining of gold

(5). Diplomatic links (a letter was written from the Hyksos rulers of Lower Egypt indicating that the Kushite Kingdom of Kerma could communicate in writing)

(6). burial sites

(7). art (pottery, tombs, sculptures)

(8). cattle and an economy 

(9). Religion and a High Priest

(10). retainer burials (a belief in the afterlife indicated by burying the elite with companions to accompany them in the afterlife)

(11). Houses with gardens

(12). Royal Audience chamber

(13). Similarities to Egypt deities and beliefs - cult of Isis and Amun

(14). Wall reliefs 

The kingdom of Kerma was an ancient civilization that existed between 2500 BC and 1500 BC, with its capital at the city of Kerma. The Kingdom of Kerma is thought to have existed without a writing system and so all information about this kingdom comes either from archeological proof or sources from Egypt.

Later the kingdom began to be referred as Kerma, and its inhabitants were renowned for being talented warriors and archers. The major occupations of the kingdom included trade, tending livestock, hunting, and fishing. The Kingdom of Kerma existed in three distinct phases – Ancient / Early Kerma (around 2500 BC – 2050 BC), Middle Kerma (around 2050 BC – 1750 BC) and Classic Kerma (around 1750 BC – 1500 BC). Classic Kerma was the golden age of the kingdom. It was during this period that its rulers successfully took control of Egyptian fortresses and gold mines in the Second cataract. The kingdom kept on attacking and capturing Egyptian territories until around 1500 BC Thutmose I attacked Kerma itself and annexed the kingdom into the Egyptian Empire.

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