The Kingdom of Urundi, in the modern day Republic of Burundi, existed from c. 1680 (possibly earlier) to 1966. It was ruled by the Ganwa, a princely aristocracy, headed by the Mwani, or king, who ruled over the Hutu farmers, Tutsi pastoralists and Twa hunters, which were originally socio-cultural categories with a certain degree of fluidity.
The kingdom survived both the German and the Belgian colonial periods relatively intact, only to be overthrown in a coup d’Γ©tat barely 4 years after the independence of Burundi.
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