POWER AND LONGEVITY: WHY MANY AFRICAN PRESIDENTS LEAD WELL PAST RETIREMENT AGE

The average retirement age across Africa generally falls between 55 and 65, yet many African presidents remain in office well beyond this range, raising questions about the endurance of their leadership. Research indicates that cognitive functions, including processing speed and memory, often decline with age. However, while cognitive aging is common, its effects vary widely, and some leaders retain their faculties longer than others, maintaining the capability to govern effectively.

Several long-serving African leaders exemplify this phenomenon:

(1). Paul Biya of Cameroon – As one of the longest-serving presidents globally, Biya has led Cameroon since 1982 and continues to hold office into his 90s.

(2). Yoweri Museveni of Uganda – Museveni, in power since 1986, is in his late 70s and has overseen Uganda through numerous changes over nearly four decades.

(3). Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea – President Obiang, the world’s longest-ruling leader, assumed office in 1979 and remains active into his 80s.

(4). Alassane Ouattara of Côte d'Ivoire – Despite being in his early 80s, Ouattara extended his presidency, emphasizing the importance of continuity and stability.

(5). Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria (until 2019) – Bouteflika governed for 20 years despite serious health challenges in his later years, only stepping down under significant public pressure.

The presence of older leaders in Africa is influenced by several factors, including historical, political, and cultural contexts. Many current leaders came to power during critical periods of political upheaval or independence movements, and they are often viewed as stabilizing forces. Additionally, established political networks and constitutional amendments have allowed some leaders to retain power beyond typical retirement ages.

However, as Africa's youth population grows, so do calls for leadership that is more representative of younger generations. Many citizens argue that younger leaders would be better positioned to address contemporary challenges, foster innovation, and drive economic growth.

This trend highlights the tension between valuing experience and stability and the push for generational change, a dynamic that continues to shape Africa’s political landscape.