Advanced toilets and baths in Makuria and alodia - The Christian Kingdoms that arose between 550-1350AD in Nubia [Sudan] after the fall of Kerma and Meroe.
The toilets were often located on the top floor, accompanied with paved, heated floors, together with decorated walls and hot piped water supply. The setting was completed with fired clay seats with drain basins that were used for discharging used flush water through a ceramic pipe into a vaulted cesspit underground.
These toilets were common in Kulbnarti, Dongola (the capital of Makuria), Meinarti, Soba (the capital of Alodia) and monasteries like Ghazali.
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