SUDAN

Sudan boasts a greater number of pyramids than any other nation on the planet, surpassing even Egypt. The cities of Al Kurru, Nuri, Gebel Barkal, and Meroë in Sudan are home to no less than 223 pyramids. These structures typically stand between 20 to 30 meters in height and feature steep sides.

The Sudanese city of Meroë is rich in surviving monuments. Becoming the capital of the Kushite Empire between 590 BC until AD The city of Meroë in Sudan boasts a wealth of well-preserved historical monuments. Serving as the capital of the Kushite Empire from 590 BC to AD 350, this city is home to an impressive collection of 84 pyramids, several of which are accompanied by their own miniature temples.

Furthermore, the remnants of a bath house can be found within the city, displaying similarities to those constructed by the Romans. Notably, a prominent focal point of this bath house is a sizable pool, accessed via a grand staircase adorned with waterspouts featuring intricately designed lion heads, there are 84 pyramids in this city alone, many built with their own miniature temple. In addition, there are ruins of a bath house sharing affinities with those of the Romans. Its central feature is a large pool approached by a flight of steps with waterspouts decorated with lion heads.

The culture of opulence has a rich and captivating historical background. In ancient times, gold was employed to embellish the temples of Sudan. A notable account by a writer states that recent archaeological findings at Meroe and Mussawwarat es-Sufra unveiled temples adorned with gold leaf, both on their walls and statues.

Around 300 BC, the Sudanese people pioneered a script that encompassed twenty-three letters, including four vowels, along with a word divider. Numerous ancient texts written in this script have endured the test of time, with a selection of them currently showcased at the esteemed British Museum.

During the medieval era, Sudan boasted an array of ecclesiastical structures including churches, cathedrals, monasteries, and castles, the remnants of which endure to this day. Notably, the presence of glass windows in medieval Sudan is substantiated by archaeological findings, which have uncovered compelling evidence of window glass within the ancient cities of Old Dongola and Hambukol.

Bling culture was prevalent in medieval Sudan, as evidenced by archaeological findings. In the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in the city of Old Dongola, researchers discovered the burial of an individual adorned in an exceptionally intricate attire made of luxurious textiles, including those embellished with gold thread. Similarly, at the city of Soba East, there were burials of individuals dressed in fine clothing, some of which featured golden thread.

Style and fashion were prominent aspects of medieval Sudanese society. In the late thirteenth century AD, a dignitary buried at Jebel Adda was interred wearing a long coat made of red and yellow patterned damask, elegantly draped over his body. Beneath the coat, he wore loose-fitting cotton trousers. At the foot of the coffin, a pair of red leather slippers with upturned toes were placed. The body was enveloped in large pieces of gold brocaded striped silk.

Furthermore, medieval Sudan boasted advanced housing complexes equipped with bathrooms and piped water. An archaeologist described Old Dongola, the capital of Makuria, as having an eighth to ninth-century housing complex. These houses stood out due to their unique spatial layout and functional features, such as water supply installations and heated bathrooms. The interiors were adorned with murals, adding to the overall aesthetic appeal.”

In the year 619 AD, the Nubian civilization graciously presented the Persians with a remarkable offering in the form of a giraffe.

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