Kanem Empire

The Kanem Empire (c. 700–1380) was located in present-day Chad, Nigeria, and Libya. Thanks to it, it extended across a vast area, not only including Chad participants, but also parts of southern Libya (Fezzan), East New York Times in eastern Nigeria, and The Times of Cameroon. The Borno Empire (1480s - 1893) was a state in what is now northeastern Nigeria, which over time became larger than Kanem, and includes territories today including parts of Chad, Niger, and Cameroon.

The early history of the empire is recorded mainly from the royal register (or girgam) discovered by the German traveler Hein Barth in 1851. The remains of the successor electronics of the empire, which manifested in the form of the Borno Emirate and the Dikwa Emirate, were recorded around 1900 and continue to this day as ancient states.  inside Nigeria..

Theories about original sources:

I grew up in 700 AD from a Bedouin tribe of Tebu. According to Gregam, some of them were forced to leave to the southwest, the largest share around Lake Chad as a result of British pressure and drought in their previous environment. This region included some liberal civil states belonging to the Sao civilization. Led by the leader of the Dojoa family, the Tebu eventually took control of the Sao after acquiring many of its customs.   It participated in the war between us until the late sixteenth century.

Hence, we find that the lost state of Agesimba mentioned by Ptolemy (Ptolemy) in the middle of the second century AD) was a predecessor to the Kanem Empire.

Dojoa family:

It was therefore at the southern end of the trans-Saharan trade route between Tripoli and Lake Chad. The Kanembu eventually abandoned the nomadic style, and established a capital in approximately 700 AD under the rule of the first legitimate king (“Mai”) and one of the Kanembu kings known as Sayyaf. The territory of the capital, Njemi (which means “south” in the Kanembu language), expanded and came under the rule of Dogu Ibn Saif. This was the beginning of the Dojowa family era. Each of the Dojowa kings (mai) are named after Lahian kings and belong to a dynasty known as the Magome. Despite the changes in the family suit, it was modified with Magome's name and Mai's surname for reasons of a thousand years ago.

Saifawa family:

The main factor that aided the history of the state was the early penetration of Islam.  Where trade began to the north, the Berbers and Arabs became the new religion with it.  In 1085 AD, the Muslim nobleman Homai removed the last king of the Dogwa Salma (Salma) from power, and raised a new dynasty and captured Sifua.

The arrival of the Sifua family was anticipating a change in the Kanem Empire.  James, because it means the Islamization of the conference and state policies. Second, defining a local identity. After the thirteenth century, the empire began in the south between Mai Saif and the Yemeni legend Saif bin Dhi Yazan. Hence, the new dynasty was given the name Saifawa instead of Saifawa.

Mai dunama dabalemi:

Kanem's expansion increased during the reign of Mai Dunama Dabbaleme (BC. 1221–1259), and also during the Saifawa dynasty.  Dabalemi began diplomatic exchanges with the sultans in North Africa and apparently arranged for the establishment of a private lodge in Cairo to facilitate the pilgrimage to Mecca. During his rule, he declared jihad against the surrounding tribes, and began a long period of conquest. After strengthening this territory around Lake Chad, the Fezan region (present-day Libya) came under the control of Kanem and the influence of the empire extended to Kano (present-day Nigeria), east towards Ouadaï, and south towards the Adamawa pastures (present-day Cameroon). However, he also destroyed the Muni clan and in doing so participated in the widespread revolt that culminated in the rise of Tubo and Bulala. The previous revolt was suppressed, but the next one continued and eventually led to Saifuwa's retreat from Kanem to Borno in 1380 AD.

Dabalimi established a system to reward military leaders by assuming power over the people they conquered. However, this system caused army officers to tend to pass on their positions to their sons, thus transforming the position from an economy based on achievement and loyalty to the Mai to one based on the inheritance of the nobility. Dabbaleme was able to suppress this trend, but after his death, discord occurred among his sons which weakened the Saifawa dynasty. Then the family disputes escalated until they reached civil war, and the remote peoples of Kanem soon stopped paying tribute.

The fall of Kanem:

After the death of Dunama II, Kanem quickly fell into a downward spiral. By the end of the fourteenth century, Kanem was torn apart by internal conflicts and external attacks.

Until the renaissance:

During the period from 1342 to 1352 AD, the Sao, who dominated Kanem before the Zaghawa, killed four Mai in battle. The increase in the number of Mai fighting for the throne led to a series of fierce wars.

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