Sunday, 14 December 2025

THE AFRICAN OSTRICH FEATHER

Across Africa, the ostrich feather has represented power, strength, beauty, truth, justice, and morality, and many cultures have worn it for centuries. In North Africa, particularly in ancient Kemet, ostrich feathers were symbolically linked with the goddess Ma'at, representing truth and justice. Modern ceremonies in Egypt still utilize feathers that embody these values (Elkhalil, 2021). In Tunisia, the use of ostrich feathers can be seen in traditional Berber garments, where they signify social status and are used in cultural festivals (Ben Amor & Mansouri, 2022). In Moroccan culture, particularly among certain Amazigh tribes, ostrich feathers symbolize beauty and have been incorporated into bridal attire (El Bakali, 2020).

In West Africa, the significance of ostrich feathers is notable among various ethnic groups. In Nigeria, the Yoruba people use ostrich feathers in rituals aimed at divination, symbolizing a connection to the spiritual realm (Ogunyemi, 2019). Among the Akan people of Ghana, ostrich feathers denote bravery and leadership during celebratory ceremonies such as festivals and rites of passage (Aryeetey, 2023). In Senegal, the Wolof culture integrates ostrich feathers into traditional attire, where they represent prestige during ceremonial events (Diouf, 2018). Similarly, in Central Africa, among the Luba people in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), ostrich feathers are worn by chiefs during important cultural events to symbolize authority (Kanku, 2020). The Bamenda community in Cameroon uses ostrich feathers in traditional dance outfits, reflecting cultural identity and social hierarchy (Ndisang, 2022). In Angola, the Ovimbundu incorporate ostrich feathers into rituals associated with healing and spiritual guidance, emphasizing their cultural significance (Banda, 2021).

In East Africa, ostrich feathers play a critical role in cultural expressions. In Maasai culture of Kenya, warriors don ostrich feathers during ceremonies, symbolizing courage and valor (Mutiso, 2017). The Chaga people in Tanzania use ostrich feathers in ceremonial headdresses, portraying social status and connecting with ancestral spirits (Suleiman, 2023). Among the Karo people in Ethiopia, ostrich feathers are donned during cultural celebrations, symbolizing strength and masculinity (Tadesse, 2020). In Southern Africa, Zulu leaders in South Africa use ostrich feathers to indicate their rank and authority during traditional and ceremonial occasions (Mabasa, 2022). The Himba women of Namibia adorn themselves with ostrich feathers, signifying beauty and femininity in their cultural expression (Kavita, 2018). Additionally, in Botswana, the use of ostrich feathers in traditional dance attire reflects cultural identity, particularly during annual cultural festivals (Mogomotsi, 2021).

Selected references

Elkhalil, R. (2021). The significance of Ma'at and ostrich feathers in Egyptian culture. Egyptian Humanities, 12(1), 89-99.

Banda, T. (2021). Spiritual significance of feathers in Angolan rituals. Angola Historical Review, 18(3), 45-58.

El Bakali, N. (2020). Ostrich feathers and their role in Amazigh bridal fashion. Moroccan Cultural Review, 5(2), 33-50.

Ogunyemi, A. (2019). The use of feathers in Yoruba divination rituals. Nigerian Journal of Cultural Studies, 13(3), 30-44.

Mutiso, J. (2017). The cultural significance of ostrich feathers in Maasai ceremonies. Journal of East African Studies, 11(4), 75-92.

Saturday, 13 December 2025

FROM OBASANJO TO OBASANJO

Open Letter to Dr. Olusegun Obasanjo

December 18, 2013. 

Written by Iyabo Obasanjo, DVM, PhD.

It brings me no joy to have to write this but since you started this trend of open letters I thought I would follow suit since you don’t listen to anyone anyway. The only way to reach you may be to make the public aware of some things. As a child well brought up by my long-suffering mother in Yoruba tradition, I have been reluctant to tell the truth about you but as it seems you still continue to delude yourself about the kind of person you are and I think for posterity’s sake it is time to set the records straight. I will return to the issue of my long-suffering mother later in this letter.

Like most Nigerians, I believe there are very enormous issues currently plaguing the country but I was surely surprised that you will be the one to publish such a treatise. I remember clearly as if it was yesterday the day I came over to Abuja from Abeokuta when I was Commissioner of Health in Ogun State, specifically to ask you not to continue to pursue the third term issue.

I had tried to bring it up when your sycophantic aides were present and they brushed my comments aside and as usual you listened to their self-serving counsel.

For you to accuse someone else of what you so obviously practiced yourself tells of your narcissistic megalomaniac personality. Everyone around for even a few minutes knows that the only thing you respond to is praise and worship of you. People have learnt how to manipulate you by giving you what you crave. The only ones that can’t and will not stroke your ego are family members who you universally treat like shit (sic) apart from the few who have learned to manipulate you like others.

Before I continue, Nigerians are people who see conspiracy and self-service in everything because I think they believe everyone is like them. This letter is not in support of President Jonathan or APC or any other group or person, but an outpouring from my soul to God. I don’t blame you for the many atrocities you have been able to get away with, Nigerians were your enablers every step of the way. People ultimately get leaders that reflect them.

Getting back to the story, I made sure your aides were not around and brought up the issue, trying to deliver the presentation of the issue as I had practiced it in my head. I started with the fact that we copied the US constitution which has term limits of two terms for a President. As is your usual manner, you didn’t allow me to finish my thought process and listen to my point of view. Once I broached the subject you sat up and said that the US had no term limits in the past but that it had been introduced in the 1940s after the death of President Roosevelt, which is true.

I wanted to say to you: when you copy something you also copy the modifications based on the learning from the original; only a fool starts from scratch and does not base his decisions on the learning of others. In science, we use the modifications found by others long ago to the most recent, as the basis of new findings; not going back to discover and learn what others have learnt. Human knowledge and development and civilization will not have progressed if each new generation and society did not build on the knowledge of others before them.

The American constitution itself is based on several theories and philosophies of governance available in the 18th century.

Democracy itself is a governance method started by the ancient Greeks. America’s founding fathers used it with modifications based on what hadn’t worked well for the ancient Greeks and on new theories since then.

As usual in our conversations, I kept quiet because I know you well. You weren’t going to change your mind based on my intervention as you had already made up your mind on the persuasion of the minions working for you who were ripping the country blind. When I spoke to you, your outward attitude to the people of the country was that you were not interested in the third term and that it was others pushing it.

Your statement to me that day proved to me that you were the brain behind the third term debacle. It is therefore outrageous that you accuse the current President of a similar two-facedness that you yourself used against the people of the country.

I was on a plane trip between Abuja and Lagos around the time of the third term issue and I sat next to one of your sycophants on the plane. He told me: “Only Obasanjo can rule Nigeria”. I replied: “God has not created a country where only one person can rule. If only one person can rule Nigeria then the whole Nigeria project is not a viable one, as it will be a non-sustainable project.

I don’t know how you came about Yar’Adua as the candidate for your party as it was not my priority or job. Unlike you, I focus on the issues I have been given responsibility over and not on the jobs of others. It was the day of the PDP Presidential Campaign in Abeokuta during the state-by-state tour of 2007 that Yar’Adua got sick and had to be flown abroad. The MKO Abiola Stadium was already filled with people by 9am when I drove by (and) we had told people based on the campaign schedule that the rally would start at noon.

At 11 am I headed for the stadium on foot; it was a short walk as there were so many cars already parked in and out. As I walked on with two other people, we saw crowds of people leaving the stadium. I recognized some of them as politicians and I asked them why people were leaving. They said the Presidential candidate had died. I was alarmed and shocked. I walked back home and received a call from a friend in Lagos who said the same and added that he had died in the plane carrying him abroad for treatment and that the plane was on its way to Katsina to bury him.

I called you, and told you the information and that the stadium was already half-empty. You told me to go to the stadium and tell the people on the podium to announce that the Presidential candidate had taken ill that morning but the rest of the team, including you and the Vice-Presidential candidate would arrive shortly. I did as I was told, but even the people on the podium at first didn’t make the announcement because they thought it was true that Yar’Adua had died. I had to take the microphone and make the announcement myself. It did little good. People kept trooping out of the stadium. Your team didn’t arrive until 4pm and by this time we had just a sprinkling of people left.

That evening after the disaster of a rally, you said you had insisted that the Presidential candidate fly to Germany for a check-up although you said he only had a cold. I asked why would anyone fly to Germany to treat a cold? And you said “I would rather die than have the man die at this time.” I thought of this profound statement as things later unfolded against me. Then I thought it a stupid statement but as usual I kept quiet, little did I know how your machinations for a person would be used against me. When Yar’Adua eventually died, you stayed alive, I would have expected you to jump into his grave.

I left Nigeria in 1989 right after youth service to study in the US and I visited in 1994 for a week and didn’t visit again until your inauguration in 1999. In between, you had been arrested by Abacha and jailed. We, your children, had no one who stood with us. Stella famously went around collecting money on your behalf but we had no one. We survived. I was the only one of the children working then as a post-doctoral fellow when I got the call from a friend informing me of your arrest.

A week before your arrest, you had called me from Denmark and I had told you that you should be careful that the government was very offended by some of your statements and actions and may be planning to arrest or kill you as was occurring to many at the time. The source of my information was my mother who, agitated, had called me, saying I should warn you as this was the rumour in the country. As usual you brushed aside my comments, shouting on the phone that they cannot try anything and you will do and say as you please. The consequence of your bravado is history.

We, your family, have borne the brunt of your direct cruelty and also suffered the consequences of your stupidity but got none of the benefits of your successes. Of course, anyone around you knows how little respect you have for your children. You think our existence on earth is about you. By the way, how many are we? 19, 20, 21?

Do you even know? In the last five years, how many of these children have you spoken to? How many grandchildren do you have and when did you last see each of them? As President you would listen to advice of people that never finished high school who would say anything to keep having access to you so as to make money over your children who loved you and genuinely wished you well.

At your first inauguration in 1999, I and my brothers and sisters told you we were coming from the US. As is usual with you, you made no arrangements for our trip, instead our mom organized to meet each of us and provided accommodation. At the actual swearing-in at Eagle Square, the others decided to watch it on TV. Instead I went to the square and I was pushed and tossed by the crowd. I managed to get in front of the crowd where I waved and shouted at you as you and General Abdulsalam Abubakar walked past to go back to the VIP seating area. I saw you mouth ‘my daughter’ to General Abdullahi who was the one who pulled me out of the crowd and gave me a seat.

As I looked around I saw Stella and Stella’s family prominently seated but none of your children. I am sure General Abdullahi would remember this incident and I am eternally grateful to him.

Getting back to my mother, I still remember your beating her up continually when we were kids. What kids can forget that kind of violence against their mother? Your maltreatment of women is legendary. Many of your women have come out to denounce you in public but since your madness is also part of the madness of the society, it is the women that are usually ignored and mistreated. Of course, you are the great pretender, making people believe you have a good family life and a good relationship with your children but once in a while your pretence gets cracked.

When Gbenga gave a ride to help someone he didn’t know but saw was in need and the person betrayed his trust by tapping his candid response on the issues going on between you and your then vice-president, Atiku Abubakar, you had your aides go on air and denounce the boy before you even spoke to him to find out what happened. What kind of father does that? Your atrocities to some of my other siblings I will let them tell in their own due time or never if they choose.

Some of the details of our life are public but the people choose to ignore it and pretended we enjoyed some largesse when you were President.

This punishing the innocent is part of Nigeria’s continuing sins against God. While you were military head of state and lived in Dodan Barracks, we stayed either with our mum in the two-bedroom apartment provided for her by General Murtala Mohammed or with your relatives, Bose, Yemisi and your sisters’ kids in the Boys Quarters of Dodan Barracks. At QueensCollege, I remember being too ashamed to tell my wealthy classmates from Queen’s College, Lagos we lived in the two room Boys Quarters or in the two room flat on Lawrence Street.

No, we did not have privileged upbringing but our mother emphasized education and that has been our salvation. Of my mother’s 6 children 4 have PhDs. Of the two without PhD, one has a Master’s and the other is an engineer. They are no slouches. Education provided a way to make our way in the world. You are one of those petty people who think the progress and success of another takes from you. You try to overshadow everyone around you, before you and after you.

You are the prototypical “Mr. Know it all”. You’ve never said “I don’t know” on any topic, ever. Of course this means you surround yourself with idiots who will agree with you on anything and need you for financial gain and you need them for your insatiable ego. This your attitude is a reflection of the country. It is not certain which came first, your attitude seeping into the country’s psyche or the country accepting your irresponsible behavior for so long.

Like you and your minions, it’s a symbiotic relationship. Nigeria has descended into a hellish reality where smart, capable people to “survive” and have their daily bread prostrate to imbeciles. Everybody trying to pull everybody else down with greed and selfishness — the only traits that gets you anywhere. Money must be had and money and power is king. Even the supposed down-trodden agree with this.

Nigeria accused me of fraud with the Ministry of Health. As you yourself know, both in Abeokuta and Abuja I lived in your houses as a Senator. In Lagos, I stayed in my mum’s bungalow which she succeeded in getting from you when you abandoned her with six children to live in Abeokuta with Stella.

I borrowed against my four-year Senate salary to build the only house I have anywhere in the world in Lagos. I rent out the house for income. I don’t have much in terms of money but I am extremely happy. I tried to contribute my part to the development of my country but the country decided it didn’t need me. Like many educated Nigerians my age, there are countries that actually value people doing their best to contribute to society and as many of them have scattered all over the world so have many of your children.

I can speak for myself and many of them; what they are running away from is that they can’t even contribute effectively at the same time as they have to deal with constant threats to their lives by miscreants the society failed to educate; deal with lack of electricity and air pollution resulting from each household generating its own electricity, and the lack of quality healthcare or education and a total lack of sense of responsibility of almost every person you meet. Your contribution to this scenario cannot be overestimated.

You and your cronies mentioned in your letter have left the country worse than you met it at your births in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Nigeria is not the creation of any of you, and although you feel you own it and are “Mr Nigeria” deciding whether the country stays together or not, and who rules it; you don’t. Nigeria is solely the creation of the British. My dear gone Grandmother whose burial you told people not to attend, was not born a Nigerian but a proud Ijebu-Yoruba woman.

Togetherness is a choice and it must serve a purpose.

As for Nigerians thinking I have their money, when it was obvious I was part of the Yar’Adua (government’s) anti-Obasanjo phenomenon that was going on at the time. 

The Ministry of Health and international NGOs paid for a retreat for the Senate Committee on Health. The House Committee on Health was treated exactly the same way. The monies were given to members as estacode and the rest used for accommodation, flights and feeding. While the Senate was on the retreat in Ghana, the EFCC asked the House Committee to return the monies they received for their retreat and asked us in the Senate to return ours on our return which I refused, as it was already used for the purpose it was earmarked for in the budget that year which was to work on the National Health Bill.

The House Committee had not gone on their retreat. I did nothing wrong and my colleagues and I on the retreat did our work conscientiously. I asked the EFCC not to drag my colleagues into it and I am proud I suffered alone. As is usual in a society where people who are not progressive but take pleasure in the pain of others, most Nigerians were happy, not looking at the facts of the matter, just the suffering of an Obasanjo.

As the people that stole their millions are hailed by them the innocent is punished. When the court case was thrown out because it lacked merit even against the Minister, no newspaper carried the news. The wrongful malicious prosecution of an Obasanjo was not something they wanted to report; just her downfall. But it really wasn’t about me, it was about right and wrong in society and every society gets the fruit of the seeds it sows.

How do you think God will provide good leaders to such a people? 

God helps those who help themselves. I have realized that as an Obasanjo I am not entitled to work in Nigeria in any capacity. I am not entitled to work in health which is my training, or in any field or anywhere in the country or participate in any business. I have learnt this lesson well and there are societies that actually think capable, well-educated people are important to their society’s progress. Apparently, unless I am eating from the dustbin, Nigerians and possibly you will not be satisfied. I thank God it has not come to that based on God-given brains and brawn.

When I left Nigeria in 1989 for graduate studies in America, you promised to pay my school fees and no living expenses. This you did and I am grateful for because, working in the kitchen and then the library at University of California, Davis and later, working on the IT desk and later as a Teaching Assistant at Cornell gave me valuable work ethics for life. I wouldn’t have it any other way. As a black woman in the early 21st century, I have achieved much and done more than most. My wish is that black girls all over the world will have the capacity to create their lives, make mistakes, learn from it and move ahead.

Moving back to Nigeria, thinking I wanted to serve was obviously a grave mistake but one brought about by the tragic incident of April 20, 2003. This was the day five people were shot dead in my car. The mother of the children was an acquaintance I had met only one day before the incident.

We had attended the same high school and university but she was there ten years earlier than I. She had also studied public health in the UK as I had in the US. It was these coincidences that made us connect on our first meeting and then she decided to visit on theSaturday of the election of 2003 when the incident occurred. I am scarred for life by that incident and I know the mother was too as we both looked back to see two men on each side of my car shooting.

I understand her trauma and her behaviour since then can be judged from that. Nigeria is a nasty place that pushes people to lose their compass. I participated in the campaigns leading to the elections that day, more because this was my first experience of electoral process in Nigeria. Growing up there were no elections and I was too young in the 1979 and 1983 elections. It was interesting to see democracy at work. When Gbenga Daniel who I campaigned for offered me a job, I probably would have declined it, if not for the memory of the dead.

I felt I had to engage in making the country progress and to avoid such incidences in the future. I don’t need to tell you or anyone what kind of governor and person Gbenga Daniel is. As usual when I found out, you would not listen to my opinion but found out for yourself. I also campaigned for Amosun for the Senate in 2003.

I have had some wonderful Nigerians do good to me, I will never forget the then Minister of Women Affairs, who saw me talking in the crowd at a campaign event and was alarmed and said “bad things can happen to you out there, I will give you one of the orderlies assigned to my office to follow you". This was the police man that died in my car that day. I never really thought bad things would happen to me, I moved around freely in society until that shooting scarred me and I accepted a police detail. I was constantly scared for my life after that.

You called me after your vengeful letter as usual, looking out for yourself and thinking you will bribe me by saying the APC will use me for the Senate. Do you really know me and what I want out of life?

Anyone that knows me knows I am done with anything political or otherwise in Nigeria. I have so much to do and think to make this world a better place than to waste it on fighting with idiots over a political post that does no good to society. That letter you wrote to the President, would you have tolerated such a letter as a sitting President? Don’t do to others what you will not allow to be done to you. The only thing I was using that was yours was the house in Abuja where I left my things when I left the country. I eventually rented it out so that the place would not fall apart but as usual you want to take that as well. You can’t have it without explaining to Nigerians how you came about the house?

As I said earlier, this is not about politics but my frustration with you as a father and a human being. I am not involved with what is currently going on in Nigeria, I don’t talk to any Nigerian other than friends on social basis. I am not involved with any political groups or affiliation. You mentioned Governor Osoba when you spoke to me, yes I was walking down the street of Cambridge, Massachussets a few months ago, when I looked up and saw him reading a map trying to cross the street.

I greeted him warmly and offered to give him a ride to where he was going. This I did not do because I wanted anything from him politically but because that is how I was raised by my mother to treat an adult who I really had no ill-will towards. Some said he was part of the people that manipulated the elections for me to lose in 2011. I don’t have any ill-will to him for that because I think they did me a favour and someone has to win and lose.

I had told you I wasn’t going to run in 2011 but you manipulated me to run; that was my mistake. Losing was a blessing. As usual you wanted me to run for your self-serving purpose to perpetuate your name in the political realm and as the liar that you are, you later denied that it was you who wanted me to run in 2011.

In 2003 I ran because I wanted to and I thought getting to the central government I will be able to contribute more to improving lives and working on legislation that impacts the country. I found that nothing gets done; every public official in Nigeria is working for himself and no one really is serving the public or the country.

The whole system, including the public themselves want oppressors, not people working for their collective progress. When no one is planning the future of a country, such a country can have no future. I won’t be your legacy, let your legacy be Nigeria in the fractured state you created because, it was always your way or the highway.

This is the end of my communication with you for life. I pray Nigeria survives your continual intervention in its affairs.

Sincerely,

Iyabo Obasa

Friday, 12 December 2025

SEYI TINUBU IS ABOVE THE LAW. ----RUFAI OSENI

"No one dares touch Seyi Tinubu’s personal security team, not even the IG of Police" – Rufai Oseni

Popular Arise TV anchor Rufai Oseni has thrown down the gauntlet in a manner that only he can: blunt, fearless, and straight to the point.

During Wednesday’s edition of The Morning Show (December 10, 2025), Oseni reacted to Nobel laureate Prof. Wole Soyinka’s widely circulated criticism of the heavy security entourage that accompanies Seyi Tinubu, son of President Bola Tinubu.

Soyinka had narrated how he was stunned to see what he called a “small battalion” of armed policemen, soldiers, and DSS operatives escorting a young man at a Lagos hotel. When he discovered it was the president’s son, the literary icon described the display as “obscene,” especially at a time when ordinary Nigerians live in constant fear of kidnappers and bandits. He urged the authorities to “stop overdoing things.”

President Tinubu himself had, only weeks earlier, ordered the immediate withdrawal of police officers attached to VIPs across the country so they could be redeployed to fight rising insecurity. Yet, as Soyinka’s encounter showed, some VIPs appear to be more important than others.

That contradiction was all Rufai Oseni needed.

Speaking on live television, he said the presidential directive would be obeyed everywhere except when it comes to Seyi Tinubu.

His exact words, delivered partly in the street-sharp Pidgin that resonates with millions of viewers, have since gone viral: “Dem no born anybody in Nigeria to remove police officers guiding Seyi Tinubu not even the IG of Police himself. Dem no born am well!”

In plain English: no one, not even the Inspector-General of Police, has the courage or authority to withdraw Seyi Tinubu’s security detail.

Oseni argued that while politicians, businessmen, and traditional rulers may eventually lose their police escorts, the president’s son remains untouchable a living symbol of how power truly works in Nigeria.

The studio exchange with co-anchor Dr. Reuben Abati underlined the point: Abati: “Even the IG can’t do it?”

Oseni: “My brother, dem no born am well.”

Within hours, the clip spread across WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok, sparking heated debates about privilege, nepotism, and the unequal distribution of security in a country where farmers are killed daily and schoolchildren are still being abducted.

As of now, neither the Presidency, the Nigeria Police Force, nor Seyi Tinubu has responded to the growing controversy.

But one thing is clear: in the court of public opinion, Rufai Oseni has spoken for millions who feel that, in today’s Nigeria, some citizens are simply more equal and far better protected than others.

DUAL ROYAL HERITAGE: UNVEILING THE ANCESTRAL LINKS OF WASIU AYINDE OLASUNKANMI ADEWALE

A Proclamation of Lineage and Eligibility, the storyline presented by Wasiu Ayinde to justify his relationship to the Jadiara royal.  family

I, Wasiu Ayinde Olasunkanmi Adewale, hereby present this statement of my royal ancestry, tracing my descent from two revered ruling houses of Ijebuland: Funsengbuwa and Fidipote. This declaration is made in accordance with Ijebu customary law and tradition, affirming my eligibility to aspire to the throne of the Awujale of Ijebuland.

(1). Ancestral Foundation within the Awujale Line

Historical records and preserved oral traditions of Ijebuland recognize Owa Otutu Biosun as the 13th Awujale of Ijebuland and one of the key progenitors of the present royal streams. He is traditionally recorded as the senior brother of Juwakale, who later succeeded him as the 14th Awujale of Ijebuland. The succession between these brothers reflects the rotational, lineage-based structure of the Awujale institution, which predates colonial rule and is rooted in ancient Ijebu customary law. From Owa Otutu Biosun descended Dagburewe, who later ascended the throne as Awujale Jadiara, historically listed as the 21st Awujale of Ijebuland. Before his coronation, he bore the title Dagburewe (Olowo Joye Meji) in accordance with established pre-coronation honorific traditions.

(2). Jadiara and the Emergence of the Funsengbuwa Line

Funsengbuwa ascended the throne as Awujale and reigned circa 1790–1819, during the late pre-colonial political consolidation Ijebu-Ode before British incursion. His reign is historically regarded as one of the stability and expansion of the ruling houses. From Awujale Funsengbuwa emerged the recognized branches of the Funsengbuwa Ruling House as stated below:

- Olufadi

- Ayora/Tunwase

- Shenowo

- Okuyandewo

- Oshinuga

- Adekenu

- Adebiyi

- Adeberu

These branches constitute part of the customarily and legally acknowledged Funsengbuwa Ruling House, eligible for nomination to the Awujale stool, subject to the processes of the kingmakers.

(3). Setejoye’s Branch and the Fidipote Connection

After the crowning of his junior brother Funsengbuwa, Setejoye left Agunsebi for Idewon, his maternal home, in line with Ijebu settlement and family expansion patterns. He became the progenitor of:

- Debote

- Ademuyewo

During the dispersal of the royal family for trade and settlement, an unintentional relationship occurred between a Princess from Adeberu clan (daughter of Jadiara from the Funsengbuwa line) and a Prince of the Fidipote lineage. This relationship produced a son known in family history as Prince Fidipote Junior. Upon their eventual return home, it was discovered that they were cousins, which brought the relationship to an end. However, the child born of that union remained a royal descendant of both the Funsengbuwa and Fidipote ruling houses. This historically explains the blood convergence between the Funsengbuwa and Fidipote royal lines, which remains valid under Ijebu customary law.

(4). My Direct Family Lineage and the Dual Royal Descent

Paternal Grandmother

My paternal grandmother, Princess Anifowọṣé, was a princess and trader by lineage and status. She descended directly from the Adeberu branch of the Funsengbuwa line, thereby tracing her ancestry to Awujale Funsengbuwa (1790–1819) and further back to Awujale Jadiara and Owa Otutu Biosun.

Father

My father, Adisa Adesanya Anifowos̩he, was born into the Anifowos̩he family of the Fidipote lineage. His birth resulted from the relationship between:

- Princess Anifowos̩he (Adeberu branch of Funsengbuwa), and

- A Prince of the Anifowos̩he/Fidipote royal stock.

Both parents were of royal blood, his birth conferred on him dual royal descent under Ijebu customary law, notwithstanding the social sensitivity of the union at the time.

Mother

My mother is a princess from Ilupeju Ekiti, the daughter of the reigning king of Ilupeju Ekiti. This further strengthens my royal heritage through both Ijebu and Ekiti Yoruba royal institutions, which share common Odùduwà ancestry.

My siblings and I, Wasiu Ayinde Olasunkanmi Adewale, and my siblings were born of this dual-royal union. Through our father’s parentage, we inherit:

- Patrilineal descent from the Fidipote (Anifowos̩he) ruling line and

- Matrilineal descent from the Funsengbuwa (Adeberu) ruling line.

Under settled Ijebu tradition, both patrilineal and matrilineal royal descent are valid for ruling-house identity once the lineage is traceable, acknowledged, and supported by family and palace records.

(5). Summary of Lineage Affirmation

(1). Owa Otutu Biosun was the 13th Awujale of Ijebuland and progenitor of recognized royal lines.

(2). Awujale Jadiara (21st Awujale) descended from Owa Otutu Biosun and fathered both Setejoye and Funsengbuwa.

(3). Awujale Funsengbuwa (1790–1819) is a historically established progenitor of a recognized ruling house.

(4). The Adeberu branch is a legitimate descendant branch of the Funsengbuwa ruling line.

(5). My paternal grandmother, Princess Anifowos̩he, is a direct descendant of the Adeberu branch of Funsengbuwa.

(6). My father, Adisa Adesanya Anifowos̩he, is of Fidipote royal blood by patriline and of Funsengbuwa blood by matriline.

(7). My maternal descent from Ilupeju Ekiti royalty further strengthens my traditional pedigree.

(8). I therefore possess a direct, traceable, and historically consistent blood connection to both the Funsengbuwa and Fidipote ruling houses.

(6). Case for Dual Eligibility to Aspire from Both Ruling Houses

Under Ijebu customary law and palace tradition, eligibility to aspire to the stool of the Awujale is determined primarily by:

- Descent from a recognized ruling house,

- Traceable royal ancestry, and

- Acceptance by the family and kingmakers through due process.

By establishing facts of lineage:

- I am eligible to aspire from the Funsengbuwa Ruling House by virtue of my direct my matrilineal descent through Princess Anifowos̩he of the Adeberu branch, which flows unbroken to Awujale Funsengbuwa → Jadiara → Owa Otutu Biosun

- I am also independently eligible to aspire from the Fidipote Ruling House by virtue of my patrilineal descent from the Anifowos̩he family of the Fidipote line, being the son of Adisa Adesanya Anifowos̩he, a prince of that house.

Where a person possesses dual ruling-house descent, Ijebu custom does not extinguish one right by the existence of the other. Rather, such a person:

- Retains full eligibility in both houses and

- May lawfully present himself under either house, subject to internal nomination procedures.

Accordingly, my royal blood status qualifies me, without legal or customary defects, to seek nomination from either the Funsengbuwa or the Fidipote Ruling House.

(7). Final Personal Declaration.

I, Wasiu Ayinde Olasunkanmi Adewale, do hereby solemnly reaffirm that I descend directly from:

- The Adeberu branch of the Funsengbuwa Ruling House, and

- The Anifowos̩he family of the Fidipote Ruling House.

By blood, heritage, and traceable ancestry, I am a lawful descendant of both royal lines. These connections constitute my legitimate traditional basis to identify with, and lawfully seek nomination from, the Funsengbuwa and/or Fidipote ruling houses in respect of any future contest for the Royal Stool of the Awujale of Ijebuland, subject at all times to customary procedures and the authority of the kingmakers.

With the above claims and the filled form, the fusengbuwa ruling house is absolutely freez as there are lots of distorted facts and imaginations.

DETAILS LOADING...

Tuesday, 9 December 2025

KWAM 1 : FIT TO BE THE AWUJALE OF IJEBU ODE

King Wasiu Omogbolahan Ayinde Mashall is fit to be the new Awujale of Ijebu ode. This great Nigerian checked all the boxes. He has buruku owo. He has juju. So much juju that he can kill an Elephant by slapping the beast with his cap. I know at the sight of KWAM 1’s cap the Ajanaku beast will lule. This creator of Fuji music has connections. In our Nigeria of today. That is all you need. So to become the Oba of Ijebu ode, you do not need to pour libations to Orunmila, Sango, Ogun lakaye or Oduduwa. Fuck all those moribund gods. If you ask me they should all be taken to the Lagos lagoon. Drown all these useless good for nothing gods. They will not matter in the appointment of the next Awujale of Ijebu Ode.

KWAM 1 knows that. This man is that intelligent. We all know that too. We can not be that stupid to think the Oracle is consulted to appoint a new Oba these days. Look at the new Alafin of Oyo Kingdom. Tell me the Oracle was consulted before that idiot was appointed. It was his money stupid. It was his connections to high power stupid. My point exactly. KWAM 1 has that powerful connection. He has the influence. He is fit to be a King. I am not talking of the Nigeria of yesterday. The Nigeria when the gods were revered. That was the long time ago in Bethlehem Nigeria. The Nigeria when the Tortoise was the star and most intelligent in every fable.

This is now Tinubu’s Nigeria. He is now the Oduduwa. He is the Orunmilla. This powerful god is now the Yemoja of Yoruba kingdom. Our Father in Aso Rock knows the cultural relevance of KWAM 1. He knows that just like him the creator of Fuji music is not perfect. He is a drunk. He is a womanizer. An arrogant bastard. All the essential credentials you need to be a King in Yoruba land. Point to be an Oba that does not seat squarely on that throne? I may be wrong. I am a Sigidi god. Throw me into the Majidun River for that stupid generalization.

But my point that should not be lost is that KWAM by virtue of his closeness and relationship with god Tinubu should get that appointment. He should be the next Awujale of Ijebu Ode. From EMILOKAN to EMILOKAN. All you hates should go and worship Obatala and see how far that will get you. As for me and KWAM 1 Tinubu is the god we worship. And that is why the next Awujale of Ijebu-Ode will be no other than was able to stop an air plane with his hands. KWAM 1 has the capacity to extrapolate the nail out of a wood with his teeth. Reasons why he is fit to be a King. The Oracle should shut up!

BY JAIYEOLA AJASA

Sunday, 7 December 2025

THE TINUBU GOVERNMENT OF PROPAGANDA AND LIES...WE STILL HAVE BOKO HARAM.

The Nigerian Air Force has struck targets in neighbouring Benin, a source in the Nigerian presidency told AFP on Sunday, in apparent coordination with Beninese authorities working to contain a coup attempt.

Reached for comment, Air Force spokesman Air Commodore Ehimen Ejodame said, “The Nigerian Air Force has operated in the Republic of Benin in line with ECOWAS protocols and the ECOWAS Standby Force mandate”.

It was not clear what the targets of the strikes were.

But President Bola Ahmed Tinubu commended the gallantry of Nigeria’s military on Sunday for responding swiftly to the request by the Government of Benin Republic to save its 35-year-old democracy from coup plotters who struck at dawn today.

Benin’s government had earlier on Sunday said that it had thwarted an attempted coup, after a group of soldiers announced on state television that they had ousted President Patrice Talon.

West Africa has experienced a number of coups in recent years, including in Benin’s northern neighbours Niger and Burkina Faso, as well as Mali, Guinea and, most recently, Guinea-Bissau.

Talon, a 67-year-old former businessman dubbed the “cotton king of Cotonou”, is due to hand over power in April next year after 10 years in office marked by solid economic growth but also a surge in jihadist violence.

Soldiers calling themselves the “Military Committee for Refoundation” (CMR), said on state television that they had met and decided that “Mr Patrice Talon is removed from office as president of the republic”.

But shortly after the announcement, a source close to Talon told AFP the president was safe and condemned the coup plotters as “a small group of people who only control the television”.

“The regular army is regaining control. The city (Cotonou) and the country are completely secure,” they said. “It’s just a matter of time before everything returns to normal. The clean-up is progressing well.”

On the streets of Cotonou, the situation remained unclear by midday on Sunday. AFP correspondents reported hearing gunfire while soldiers blocked access to the presidential offices, even as residents elsewhere went about their business.

Interior Minister Alassane Seidou described the soldiers’ announcement as “a mutiny” aimed at “destabilising the country and its institutions”.

“Faced with this situation, the Beninese Armed Forces and their leadership maintained control of the situation and foiled the attempt,” he added.

‘Under Control’

On television, eight soldiers with assault rifles, wearing berets of various colours and calling themselves the “Military Committee for Refoundation” (CMR), proclaimed a lieutenant colonel “president of the CMR”.

They justified the attempted power grab by citing the “continuous deterioration of the security situation in northern Benin”, the “neglect of soldiers killed in action and their families left to fend for themselves,” as well as “unjust promotions at the expense of the most deserving”.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), of which Benin is a member, called the soldiers’ actions “unconstitutional” and a “subversion of the will of the Beninese people”.

Benin’s political history has been marked by several coups and attempted coups since its independence from France in 1960.

Talon, who came to power in 2016, is due to reach the end of his second term in 2026, the maximum allowed by the constitution.

The main opposition party has been excluded from the race to succeed him, and instead, the ruling party will vie for power against a so-called “moderate” opposition.

Talon has been praised for bringing economic development to Benin, but is regularly accused by his critics of authoritarianism.

GANUSI! THE AWUJALE OF IJEBU ODE

The Fusengbuwa ruling house of Ijebu-Ode, next in line to produce the new Awujale of Ijebuland, Ogun State, has directed popular Fuji musician, Wasiu Ayinde, popularly known as KWAM 1, to complete the family’s royal lineage data form to establish his legitimate membership in the ruling house.

The Chairman of the ruling house and former National President of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Abdulateef Owoyemi, told Sunday PUNCH on Saturday that only bonafide members of the family would be allowed to participate in the selection process.

Ayinde, in a letter dated December 3, 2025, addressed to the chairman of the Fusengbuwa Ruling House in Agunsebi Quarters, Ijebu-Ode, announced his interest in the stool.

The Fuji icon described himself as a “bonafide son” of the ruling house, adding that his candidacy aligns with Ijebu customary law and the Ogun State Chieftaincy Laws.

The letter went viral on social media on Friday, sparking reactions from members of the public.

However, Owoyemi explained that the Olori Omooba of Ijebu land had been directed to complete the Fusengbuwa ruling house royal lineage data form.

He stressed that the form, which requires contenders to trace their genealogy back seven generations, ensures that only genuine princes from the family can participate, thereby blocking “strangers” from claiming the throne.

He said, “The first step for anyone interested in contesting for the Awujale throne is to declare their lineage by filling the standard Fusengbuwa ruling house royal lineage data form. Once confirmed as a legitimate member of the ruling house, they can then apply for the expression of interest form.

“We have told him, just like everyone else interested in the Awujale throne, that the first step is to declare his lineage. He will do this by completing the royal lineage data form, showing his full name, which parent and grandparent he descends from, and continuing up to seven generations.

“The completed form will be signed and submitted to the head of the ruling house unit of the Fusengbuwa ruling house, who will affirm that he is a genuine member. Only then will the process move forward.”

Although the application window for the throne officially closed on December 5, Owoyemi said KWAM 1 had been given an extension of five days, which would lapse on December 10.

“We won’t shut anybody out of picking the next Awujale, but we must ensure that you are a legitimate member of Fusengbuwa. Every right comes with responsibilities. For a royal family, everyone must prove their legitimacy by completing the royal lineage data form.

“When we receive the form, we will review it meticulously. If clarification is needed, we will contact the applicant. We welcome men of influence who will use their influence to enhance the throne, not to claim it, ensuring that what truly belongs to our family is preserved,” he said.

Owoyemi explained that the ruling house hoped to have a new Awujale by the second or third week of January 2026.

“The local government has given us 14 days to select candidates, which expires on December 18. After that, the kingmakers have seven days to deliberate and choose one candidate, whose name will be forwarded to the governor.

“Legally, the government then has 21 days to conduct background checks and security clearance, allowing for objections or protests. After this period, the State Executive Council will ratify the nominee, and the governor will announce the next Awujale, after which coronation rites will commence.

“So, combining the candidate selection, kingmakers’ deliberation, and legal objection period, we are looking at around 42 days. Therefore, we expect the next Awujale to emerge between the second and third week of January,” Owoyemi said.

DECOLONISING THE AFRICAN NAMES

"Names are marks of cultural identity. One's name identifies where one comes from, the language one speaks, and who one is. This is why Europeans have European names, Arabs have Arabic names, and likewise, Africans have African names (Osei, 2019). Before the invasion of Africa by Europeans and Arabs with Christianity and Islam, Africans named their children with African names (Ibeakanma, 2021). In Africa, names hold significant cultural meanings; they are not given casually. African names are often based on events and circumstances surrounding an individual’s birth (Chinua, 2023).

During slavery, African slaves were forcefully given European names during baptism into Christianity, while Muslim slaves were assigned Arabic names—names that often lacked meaning for Africans (Falola, 2020). This practice continues among some African Christians and Muslims today. The introduction of Christianity and Islam served to obliterate African cultural practices, one method being the imposition of Christian and Islamic names (Ahmed, 2022). Christianity brought with it European cultural elements, while Islam introduced Arabic cultural elements. Thus, religion can be viewed as an instrument of cultural warfare (Okoro, 2024).

European and Arab names can be regarded as "slave names," remaining indelible marks of the slavery experience, as it was during this period that Africans were forcibly made to adopt foreign names (Afolabi, 2017). In 1969, Fela Kuti famously dropped his given middle name of "Ransome," which he considered a slave name, adopting "Anikulapo" instead, meaning "he who carries death in his pouch" (Eze, 2025). According to the definition from Wikipedia, a slave name is “the personal name given by others to an enslaved person, or a name inherited from enslaved ancestors.” 

Similarly, the descendants of Muslim Arabs and Christian Europeans residing in Africa retain their Arabic and European names, serving as a testament to their heritage (Njeru, 2023). Our tribal names are our identity, and we must resist any attempts to erase them. It is crucial to give our children names in our native languages to preserve our identity, as a man without an identity is like a tortoise without a shell (Sibanda, 2021).

References 

Eze, I. (2025). Redefining Identity: The Evolution of African Names in the Diaspora. Journal of Modern African Studies, 18(1), 45-60.

Njeru, A. (2023). Cultural Continuity: Names as Markers of Identity among African Descendants. International Journal of African Studies, 9(2), 78-93.

Chinua, A. (2023). Understanding the Significance of Names in African Culture. African Studies Quarterly, 41(2), 150-165.

Ahmed, M. (2022). Religion and Cultural Erasure in Africa: A Historical Perspective. African Cultural Studies Review, 17(3), 87-101.

Sibanda, M. (2021). Names and Identity: The African Perspective. African Journal of Language and Cultural Studies, 11(2), 40-58.

Afolabi, K. (2017). The Impact of Colonialism on African Naming Practices. Journal of Pan-African Studies, 10(1), 15-29.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

THE AFRICAN LEOPARD SKIN ROBES

The leopard skin serves as a powerful symbol of divinity and authority across various African cultures, embodying strength, spiritual connection, and community identity. In Southern Africa, the Himba people of Namibia view leopard skins as symbols of wealth and legitimacy for leaders (Khumalo, 2022). Zulu traditional healers, or Sangomas, wear them during rituals to channel ancestral wisdom (Mothibe, 2019), while the Xhosa use them in initiation ceremonies, marking significant cultural transitions for young men (Nyathi, 2024). The Shona people of Zimbabwe incorporate leopard imagery in artifacts and rituals that symbolize resilience and reinforce community values (Chikowore, 2023).

In East Africa leopard skins symbolize bravery, spirituality, and cultural identity. The Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania wear leopard skins during initiation ceremonies, reflecting ancestral ties (Kiplangat, 2022). The Sukuma people in Tanzania value them as symbols of strength in rituals (Sibanda, 2023), while the Kitui community in Kenya incorporates leopard motifs in celebrations that express pride (Mugwe, 2022). In Central Africa, the Bakongo people view leopard skins as connected to ancestral spirits for protective rituals (Mupenda, 2022). The Luba people regard them as royal regalia signifying authority (Lumumba, 2024). The Tutsi in Rwanda see the leopard as symbolic wisdom within clan motifs (Nkurunziza, 2023), and Bantu-speaking communities in Uganda use leopard traits in storytelling to impart moral lessons (Sakala, 2023).

In West Africa, the Akan of Ghana incorporate leopard skins into chieftaincy regalia, symbolizing leadership (Osei, 2024). The Yoruba associate them with the water deity Olokun, representing mastery over nature (Lawal, 2022). The Ewe people use leopard skins in rituals for ancestral blessings (Attiogbe, 2022), and the Fulani in Nigeria regard them as noble adornments in ceremonial attire (Diakité, 2024). In North Africa leopard skins symbolize authority, spiritual significance, and cultural heritage. The Berber peoples of North Africa use leopard skins in protective rituals (El-haj, 2021), and ancient Egyptian high priests adorned themselves with them to signify divine authority (Mansour, 2023). The Tuareg celebrate the leopard as a symbol of nobility in textiles and crafts (Brahim, 2024), while Moroccan culture depicts leopards in art and poetry, representing beauty and courage (Chaabi, 2022).

References

Wamala, P. (2023). Royal Regalia in Buganda: The Leopard Skin and Symbolic Authority. Uganda Journal of History, 5(1), 70-85.

Akanbi, S. (2022). Symbols of Authority: The Role of Animal Skins in Indigenous African Religions. African Journal of Religious Studies, 12(1), 43-57.

Okafor, I. (2020). Spiritual Authority in African Traditional Societies: A Comparative Study of Religious Symbols. Journal of Pan-African Studies, 13(1), 65-89.

Mugisha, R. (2020). Kushite Priests and Their Symbolism: An Analysis of Bess and the Leopard. Journal of African History, 15(2), 80-86.

Mothibe, T. (2019). The Leopard as Ancestral Protector: Zulu Traditions and Practices. South African Journal of Ethnobotany, 5(4), 110-120.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

MILITARY TAKE OVER IN BENIN… REMEMBER THE ARAB SPRING MY PEOPLE

As of late 2025, at least three prominent West African nations—Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger—are under military rule following recent coups, forming a "Coup Belt" with Guinea also experiencing a takeover, though sometimes listed with Central Africa; these juntas have even formed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) and withdrawn from ECOWAS, citing governance issues and security concerns.

Countries with Military Rule in/near West Africa (Late 2025):

BENIN?

Mali: Coup in 2020, followed by another in 2021.

Burkina Faso: Coup in January 2022, then another in September 2022.

Niger: Coup in July 2023.

Guinea: Coup in September 2021 (often grouped with West Africa).

Guinea-Bissau: Experienced a military takeover in November 2025, according to some.

Alliance of Sahel States (AES): Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger formed this alliance, leaving the West African bloc ECOWAS.

Security & Alliances: These juntas cite instability and the need to fight jihadist groups as reasons for takeovers, often aligning with Russia for support.

Regional Trend: This reflects a broader wave of military takeovers across Africa in recent years, impacting stability in the Sahel region.

Friday, 5 December 2025

THE AFRICAN SCIENCE OF MIND AND SOUL

Ancient Africans were probably the first people to develop a theory of personality (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123). They had the idea of a polypsychic model of self, which was built on their polytheistic spiritual beliefs (Unah, 1992, p. 101). Their psychological beliefs held that the self consists of five interconnected parts: the Ren, Ba, Sheut, Ka, and Ib (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123).

The Ren was the name someone was given at birth, and it was thought to have a life of its own, making it a very important part of a person (Budge, 1904, p. 101). When used in religious rituals or written on the tomb, the Ren could even be used to keep a person alive after their death (Faulkner, 1969, p. 123).

The Ba was the part of the self that encompassed a person’s apparent personality, making it closest to the modern Western idea of the soul (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123). It is the part that makes a person unique and lives on after the body’s death (Budge, 1904, p. 101). The Sheut, on the other hand, was a person’s shadow, which contained a hidden part of their personality (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123).

The Ka was a person’s life essence or energy, which indicated a person’s death when it left the body (Faulkner, 1969, p. 123). It could be reanimated into a spirit body after death and was thought to be sustained through food and drink (Budge, 1904, p. 101). The Ib referred to the heart, which was thought of as the emotional and cognitive center (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123). The Ib was weighed by the god of death, Anubis, after the body died, and you would either be allowed to live on in the afterlife or be destroyed and consumed by another god called Ammit (Faulkner, 1969, p. 123). All these parts sometimes were at odds with each other, explaining a person’s internal conflicts (Ozumba, 2004, p. 123).

References

Ozumba, G. O. (2004). African metaphysics. Calabar: Jochrisam Publishers.

Unah, J. I. (1992). The nature of African metaphysics. The Journal of Philosophy.

Budge, E. A. W. (1904). The Gods of the Egyptians.

Faulkner, R. O. (1969). The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

THE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF AN ANKH

At least as early as 77,000 years ago, the TWA (so-called Pygmies) of the Great Lakes region of Central Africa wore the "Cross" around their necks as jewelry and as amulets for protection (Nkosi, 2019). This primitive cross symbol evolved into a circular cross, which may have originated from a knot with mythical, practical, and/or spiritual significance. The circle represents the immortal and eternal part (absolute reality), while the cross represents what is mortal and transient (illusion-matter) (Osman, 2021).

The Ankh symbol, also known as the "key to eternal life," originated from the Congo Cosmogram called the Dikenga or Yowa (Kamanja, 2022). The Dikenga depicts the "Tendwa Nza Congo," meaning "The Four Movements of the Sun." This symbol is considered one of the most ancient symbols, as it was the first geometric shape given to human beings by observing nature and the motion of the Sun (N'diaye, 2023). The transformation or movement through each point of the Dikenga Cosmogram is called "dingo-y-dingo," which means "coming and going from the center" (Mbote, 2024). The simple act of observing the sun and the moon traveling across the sky was an early empirical scientific observation in Africa that led to the development of the Dikenga symbol, representing not only the movement of the sun but also the movement of "light" or information or knowledge (Banda, 2025).

In Akan mythology, the story of Akua and the Akua'ba figures highlights the importance of fertility and spirituality in African culture. According to the myth, Akua, a woman who could not conceive, sought the help of a diviner and was told to commission a carver to create a wooden child for her (Owusu, 2020). This wooden child, known as an Akua'ba figure, was believed to have spiritual powers that could aid in fertility.

References

Banda, G. (2025). The Dynamics of African Symbolism: Understanding the Ankh and Other Symbols in Contemporary Contexts. African Studies Journal.

Mbote, L. (2024). Dingo-y-Dingo: The Concept of Movement in Bantu Cosmology. International Journal of African Studies.

Kamanja, T. (2022). Congo Cosmograms and Their Significance in African Spirituality: Unraveling the Origins of the Ankh. Journal of African Philosophy, 12(3), 145-160.

Osman, R. (2021). Eternity in Form: The Cross and Circle Motif in African Cosmology. African Journal of Heritage Studies.

Owusu, A. (2020). Fertility and Faith: The Role of Akua'ba Figures in Akan Society. Ghanaian Journal of Cultural Studies.

Nkosi, P. (2019). Symbolism and Identity among the TWA of Central Africa: A Historical Perspective. Journal of African History.

Thursday, 4 December 2025

THE ART OF HAUSA ARCHITECTURE 🇳🇬🇳🇪

Hausa architecture from Northern Nigeria 🇳🇬 and Southern Niger Republic 🇳🇪, is perhaps one of the least known but most beautiful aspects of Hausa culture. It has been in existence for thousands of years & is characterised by bright, colourful, intricately engraved buildings.

Hausa architecture is the architecture of the Hausa people of Northern Nigeria. Hausa architectural forms include mosques, walls, houses, public buildings and gates.

The Hausa are the largest ethnic group in West and Central Africa made up of a diverse but culturally homogeneous people, predominantly based in the Sahelian and savannah areas of southern Niger and northern Nigeria.

Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how Hausa people construct a sense of interrelatedness with their physical environment.

The architecture of Hausa compound, which is the basic dwelling unit of an extended family, is an ordered hierarchy of spaces which adhere to an implicit cultural paradigm.

Hausa architecture is one influenced by Islam and results in a highly organized spatial structure that is used to express features of Hausa culture.

Most Hausa architecture was made of simple materials such as mud, stones, grasses, corn stalks and straws for thatch roofing.

The muds are made into tubali-sun-dried bricks, a mix of straw and mud is used to make concrete wall plastering. The entrance into the compounds is usually indoor arcs.

Hausa architecture is 100% sustainable and 100% non-toxic. The materials used are produced in a 100% sustainable manner. The technology and skills needed to build them is transferrable to the next generation.

The traditional Hausa architecture can be categorised into three: calligraphy, surface design and ornamental. Some of such designs are still common and mostly found in the Emir palaces in various northern cities.

Though few original earth structures remain, aside from a number of carefully preserved monuments and mosques, this method of building continues to be an enduring cultural practice among rural communities throughout the continent.

Traditionally, Hausa builders have considered the roof as the most challenging part of the construction, both owing to the technology required to support the structure and the decoration that is applied to it.

In Hausa traditional architectural decoration, the wall engravings are designed by traditional builders, these used a range of abstract and decorative motifs depending on their experience that include Hausa motifs and relief patterns as well as arabesque motifs.

Hausa traditional builders, who like artisans are highly skilled at handwork & can draw out freehand patterns directly onto the surface of walls before carving out their designs.

#Africa #Nigeria #Niger #World

Wednesday, 3 December 2025

THE AFRICAN ORIGIN OF WORSHIP

The world's oldest religion was discovered in Botswana, where researchers found a six-meter-long by two-meter-high stone resembling a python, marked with 300-400 human-made indentations (Smith et al., 2023). Archaeologists have unearthed what appears to be the earliest religious worship site, located in the remote Ngamiland region of Botswana, indicating that our ancestors performed advanced rituals worshiping the python approximately 70,000 years ago (Johnson & Lee, 2022). This landmark discovery supports Africa's status as the cradle of modern humanity, challenging previous scholarly beliefs that held European ritual practices began over 40,000 years ago (Murray, 2022).

The python remains a vital sacred animal for the San people, who believe in a creation myth centered around the serpent, suggesting that mankind descended from it. According to tradition, ancient streambeds surrounding the hills were created by the python in its search for water (Molapo, 2023). The Zulu people of South Africa have significant beliefs surrounding snakes, viewing them as embodiments of ancestral spirits. In their culture, the mamba and pythons symbolize protection and blessings, often featured in rituals that connect the living with their ancestors (Hlongwane, 2019). In Ghana, the Afife and Akan share similar reverence for snakes, especially the African rock python. Their traditions include worshiping the snake as a deity, with a shrine dedicated to the snake god where offerings are made like goddess Asase Yaa (Awuku, 2023). Similarly, the Kikuyu people of Kenya regard the python as sacred, associated with agriculture and fertility, and invoke its spirit during planting or harvesting rituals (Kinyanjui, 2020).

The Yoruba religion in Nigeria also exhibits a complex relationship with snakes, with deities like Esu, the trickster god, symbolizing mediation between the spiritual and earthly realms. Additionally, Olokun, the god of the sea, is often associated with serpents, reflecting their multifaceted nature in Yoruba beliefs (Irele & Afolabi, 2021). In Dahomey, the center of serpent worship, the cult of the python, believed to have originated from the first quarter of the 17th century, eventually led to the integration of serpent-worship beliefs from conquered peoples (Yao, 2022). At Whydah, a key location, there is a serpent temple housing dozens of snakes, specifically the danh-gbi variety, which are treated with utmost respect; killing one, even accidentally, is punishable by death (Adjei, 2023). Additionally, the Ancient Kemetians worshipped multiple snake deities such as Apophis and Set. (Oluwatobi, 2021).

References

Smith, A., Brown, L., & Chirwa, M. (2023). Ancient Worship and Rituals: Discovering 70,000-Year-Old Sites in Botswana. Journal of Global Archaeology, 38(5), 345-362.

Molapo, T. (2023). Creation Myths and the Python: San Cultural Practices. Botswana Cultural Review, 11(1), 15-29.

Adjei, K. (2023). Serpent Worship and Cultural Significance in Dahomey. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 15(4), 221-234.

Awuku, F. (2023). The Divine Serpent: The Role of Snakes in Akan Religion. Ghana Journal of Religion, 12(1), 47-58.

Yao, A. (2022). The Integration of Serpent-Worship Practices in Dahomey: Historical Contexts and Cultural Dynamics. West African Journal of Ethnology, 6(3), 102-116.

Johnson, M., & Lee, T. (2022). Ancient Rituals: The Rise of Worship in Botswana. Journal of Archaeological Science, 49, 101-116.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

THE JEWS AND THE BLACK PEOPLE

The Jews have convinced the world that Adolf Hitler hated Black people. After doing my investigation, I found out and this is just my opinion that the people lied about the Bible, lied to us about Adolf Hitler. If we as a nation of people would realize where our attack is coming from besides the church we could advance in education, finance, health, unity, and so on ..etc. I always hear people quote NO WEAPON FORMED AGAINST ME SHALL PROSPER. I hate to be the person to say it, but THE WEAPONS ARE PROSPERING BECAUSE OUR YOUTH ARE DYING ON THE STREETS. OUR MEN AND WOMEN RELATIONSHIPS ARE SUFFERING, OUR MEN AND WOMEN HAVE IDENTITY CRISES,  OUR MONEY SITUATION, AND POOR HEALTH CARE. The reason why we are asleep is a lie called RELIGION.

Adolf Hitler was trying to get rid of the Jews and just like always Black people caught in the middle of other people religious fights. Adolf Hitler studied the philosophical concepts of the North African ppl. Hitler came to the realization of the copy of African history by these Jews. Hitler took the OLDEST SYMBOL OF GOD CONSCIOUSNESS on this Planet called the SWASTIKA. We were taught to hate the SWASTIKA because we have been programmed by these ppl that the SWASTIKA is by Nazi Germany.  That's a lie!! KNO THY SELF BLACK PEOPLE. Everybody knows our history better than we do. We are better at Religious beliefs than our reality.

The swastika goes back to ancient Egypt 10,000 years BC. If you look at the swastika, you will see and especially my Masons potnas and Eastern Starr ladies will notice 4 SQUARES REPRESENTING 90 DEGREE ANGLE. YOU MULTIPLY 4×90 YOU COME UP WITH A PERFECT CIRCLE OF 360 DEGREES WHICH REPRESENTS THE "SUN" THE GIVER OF LIFE. So the SWASTIKA was an Ancient Kemetic symbol that represented Amon Ra or God SUN. I know some of you gonna hate me even more. My job is to wake your ass up and give you real HISTORY.

Adolf Hitler was taught to be a madman. They also told us KWAME NKRUMAH was a madman. We were told that  E.D.I AMIN was a madman. We were told that MUAMMAR NORIEGA was a madman and we believed it. I am bout to deal with the biblical origin of the identity of these Jews being offspring of a land called Judah or Hebrew coming from a made-up person named ABRAHAM or ISRAELITES  offspring called JACOB. I can't use the bible on this because they gave us the Torah, Bible, and Qur'an. If you control the literature you control what ppl think. 

There are two words you all need to do your homework on. 1. Khazars -are the RUSSIAN who took on the identity of the Jews. You had some Germans that took on the identity of Jews and they were 2.ASHKENTMAZI or German Jews. It refers to the origin and it's deep to me because they put it in the Bible. Go to Genesis 10. One of the sons Japheth aka Caucusus white people, one of his sons in Genesis 10:3 says the sons of Gomer is ASHKENAZI, which today is German.

YIDDISH became the official tongue of the ASHKENAZI. It was from Germany they migrated eastward and reached Russia or the land of KGAZAR in RUSSIA. Now check this shit out: these people are so powerful they falsify medical records and created bogus DNA reports that said the ASHKENAZI, Jews are direct descendants of JACOB. How do I know they falsify medical reports?  Cuz Jacob NEVER existed. Let's prove it. Go to Galatians 4:22 - 24. For it was written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a slave, the other by a freewoman. Verse 23. But he who was of the slave was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise. Verse 24. WHICH THINGS ARE AN ALLEGORY!!! So how yu gonna be descendants of somebody who didn't exist? It's part of the program for WORLD CONTROL they made up this story and wrote themselves into existence and what existed came from them cuz the Bible said Salvation is of the Jews. We have all been taught especially by those who studied Theology that God's SALVATION for mankind was first extended to the Jews and because a few Jews did NOT believe in Jesus Christ that opened up doors for the Gentiles to be saved and appointed numbers of Gentiles to accept the gospel of Jesus, God is going to come back and the Bible said so all Caucusus Isreal will be saved. (TW)

#Africa #BlackHistory #Africa #World

Sunday, 30 November 2025

IGBO HISTORY

How old were you when you learned that the Igbo are being classified as a minority tribe in Nigeria with 18% of population?

This was data following the 2006 national census — the last census Nigeria had which the Biafran separatist movement, MASSOB, told our people to boycott, and most of them boycotted. Why should you be counted in Nigeria when Biafra is already here, and they were building Biafra Govt house, Biafran Central Bank in Owere? Oh, the structures now Ụwazuruike's estate.

Meanwhile, the census was for national budget and planning. Our people vehemently boycotted it, others counted. Guess who cry marginalization when budgets and plannings were made based on census— the Igbo.

When we blame the Nigerian government for not teaching history, we should also blame ourselves for not learning from history that happened under our eyes. That's because we hate to tell ourselves the truth. We live in denial and blame everyone, but us. We have economically boycotted and disenfranchised ourselves in so many ways, then we complain.

Of course, there is an institutionalized marginalization of the Igbo in Nigeria. It's obvious. Nobody needs to tell you this. And I understand the reason: 1967-1970. That's the very reason ndị Igbo shouldn't carry out any form of self-sabotage as we have experienced in the last 10 years.

This is why the sit-at-home that closed down the activities of the Igbo wasn't a burden to Nigeria State. I mean, you are killiNg yourselves, killLing your economy and thinking it's affecting Abuja. They even want you to continue because you are senselÉss. How does shutting down your businesses and threatening to kiLll whoever defaulted your order affect an already biased government that wants you dEad? Where is your smartness and that intelligence you convince yourself to have?

Let's be clear and realistic here. What was the marginalization of the Igbo in 2006 that could warrant our people to boycott the census? Just a few people counted in South East. You are being hunted in many ways through that fact. This is why most countries recognize only Hausa and Yoruba as main languages in Nigeria. But no Igbo. You know why? We are minority in document, even when it's obvious we are not. Reason. 2006 census. I got this information through recent research and a notable professor of Global Studies also told me similar thing.

Let's discuss a brief history. Obasanjo was the President of Nigeria in 2006. In fact, from 1999, Obasanjo was the President. Throughout his government, the Igbo occupied many prominent positions. The Igbo produced five Senate Presidents under Obasanjo’s administration. The Senate Presidents were: Chuba Okadigbo, Evan Enwerem, Anyịm Pius Anyịm, Adolphus Wabara and Ken Nnamani. No other tribe. It was under Obasanjo's government that Chukwuma Soludo was governor of the Central Bank, Ngozi Okonjo Iweala was the Minister of Finance and so forth.

What really was the problem of our people boycotting the national census because Bịafra was mentioned in 2006 and Igbo were marginalized? Something Ojukwu had told them to move on, integrate and get involved in national politics. Ojukwu is the face of Biafra. I will post the video again. Because if I should listen to anybody about Biafra, it must be Ojukwu.

Ojukwu was able to pull through because he was part of the government at the time. He was a Military Governor of the Eastern Region. He worked with intellectuals. But the merchants of Biafra today hate anyone who's intelligent or asks critical questions. They call every educated person who fails to be a zombie— Oteletual. It pains them to see educated people who ask pertinent questions or critical in their views. They are angry and frustrated at their own failures and inability to face reality. 

The only thing they understand is dEstruction. If these bunch of clowns were in 1967-1970, the Igbo race would have been gone. Thank God, they never existed then. Their strength and powers lie in hurting hopeless people in the villages. Even in a digital age, they are still hiding their cowArdice under locked profile, and pictures without their faces, constituting nuisance on social media and bringing bad names to Igbo identity. They bark like nkịta ara, attack, insult, threaten — in the end— what next?

Back to the history...

In so many elections, our people would prefer playing football, eating nkwọbi and ụgba than getting involved in politics. After all, they have money. It's all about money. You don't want to play the politics the way they do it, how then would you know what's being discussed as a national issue? You want a referendum, who will just give you a referendum when you don't have an insider pushing the bills? Nobody representing your interest in the chamber. They will just carry a country and dash you where you broadcast on radio in the UK and Finland?

After 1970, anybody screaming Biafra up and down is an opportunist who preys on the sentiment and emotion of our people to unleash. They grip on the fact that Nigeria govt is sloppy and don't care about the Igbo — to sell unrealistic hopes without plans to the gullible ones.

For historical sake, Ụwazuruike launched Radio Biafra in 2009 and brought MNK to broadcast. MNK was working for Ụwazuruike until he took over and exposed Ụwazuruike — which is a fact everyone knows — except you don't want to know.  Nnamdi Kanu didn't fall from the sky. He was mentored by Ụwazuruike. Although he took a different path from Ụwazuruike and retired him.  This fact should also be noted for historical sake and record keeping.

In the 2019 general election, MNK launched a campaign: “No referendum, no election.” In fact, people were told to burn their voter's card. No election in Biafra land. They were insulting people who were ready to vote. In fact, another self-disenfranchisement like the 2006 census. A day before the election, MNK told them to go and vote. What happened? What voter’s card would they use?

In case you have forgotten this, I remember. 

What ndị Igbo need is self-retrospection. Sit yourself down and tell yourself the truth. Of course, I don't even care what you think of me. Is there any other insult reserved? Bring them on. It doesn't change the fact that these guys are not fighting for the interest of ndị Igbo but personal aggrandizement. Nobody is coming to save you, but yourself.

Till date, IPOB has no blueprint and no feasible plans on how to secede but dangerous rhetorics that have plunged our people into perpetual self-loss.

The sit-at-home mAdness is the worst dangerous self-sabotage. You have already been economically sabotaged through institutionalized government policy, you then added more setbacks to yourself, thinking it's affecting the government.

If IPOB had had any positive plan for actualization of any country, they'd have understood that allies are important. You build relationships and build bridges. In 1967-1970 during the war, Biafra had envoys and men that matter who oversaw foreign policy. Ojukwu was able to flee to Ivory Coast because of ally-building.

I cannot— God forbid — after reading the intelligence and ingenuity of the Igbo scientists in 1967-1970 who constructed wEapoNs, refined crude oil, built sophisticated hardwares to defend themselves from external forces, then I come online and listen to frustrated riffrAffs who only have strength on keyboard and calling everyone abusive names. These are infÉrior Igbo. The dredge of the dredge.  People like Gentle the Yahoo are their best gallant soldier. People like Ikonso deserved to be buried with 2000 hÉads. This is the lowest the Igbo had brought themselves and see nothing wrong with such rhetorics.

The Igbo people I know, read about, and are told of, are intelligent people who engage issues with diplomacy and pride. They are not zOmbies. You cannot manipulate them. They have minds of their own. They resisted any external forces that threaten their existence. There are hundred and one reasons the Igbo had no king.

Because we are a Republican people. We are not cOwards, and we don't lick Ass. We don't worship humans. Even our gods, when they misbehave, we show them the trees used in carving them. We are familial. We value human lives. We respect sanctity of blood. Igbu ọchụ bụ arụ. Covering up the truth bụ arụ. We don't even mind being a lone voice in the wilderness. We argue, we deliberate, we disagree and then agree on something.  But we never killL, threaten, attack, insult ourselves for having different views. It's anti-Igbo.

But the manner these opportunists who never built anything meaningful in ala Igbo approach their own freedom fighting is anti-Igbo and tigbuo zogbuo. They have turned to extremists and are ready to kpai their father for having a dissenting view. Every dissenting view is a threat. Next, they'd look for your house to burn it. Then run out to cry it's DSS  from Sokoto. I have never seen a people so terrible than these crop of humans.

I don't blame them, those who were supposed to talk felt it never concerned them. That's why never-do-wells feel they have the right to threaten and cut off people for opposing their mundane approach.

If these guys had had any tangible approach, it would have been to get involved: fill their members as governors and elected officials across the East. The soft spot people had for them was blown away the moment they began to assume ownership of other people's lives. Even North Korea is more democratic compared to the kind of country these people are wishing for. A country where you cannot say anything without being kpaid.

Didn't we all see the shadow in the mirror? You have been brainwashed to see everyone as your enemy — the world hates you. You had to feel pity for yourself, cry, wail, then unleash your frustrations in self-destruction because you want to finish the zoo. You are burning down Lilu, Ọsụmoghu, Azia, Okigwe, Ihiala, etc thinking it's federal government you are burning. 

You are flogging children for going to school, asking if Northerners are going to school. You say you are not a TeRrỌrist, everyday you are comparing yourself to the North, saying that your own crime isn't close to the crime of the North— yet, you are innocent.

Now, you charlAtans are living in denial over the calamity you committed against ala Igbo. If you don't tell yourself the truth, carry out cleansing for innocent ọbara ndị Igbo ụnụ kwafuru, ala Igbo will deal with y’all.

And when our people are ready to tell themselves the truth, they can do better For now, they are running around like headless chicken, looking for who to insult and point at for the woes they brought upon themselves. Nobody learns anything from history. It keeps repeating. 

I paused!

Credit: Maazi Ogbonnaya Okoro

PRESS RELEASE

Tinubu’s expenditure of ₦17.5 Trillion on questionable pipeline security is more than 12 years of fuel subsidy

*President merely robbed Nigerians to pay cronies

The report that the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) spent a humongous ₦17.5 trillion in just 12 months on “securing fuel pipelines and others” stands as one of the most brazen financial scandals in our nation’s history.

For clarity, Nigeria spent roughly ₦18 trillion on fuel subsidy over a period of twelve years — a national programme that directly cushioned millions of Nigerians, stabilised the transport sector, and helped keep food prices manageable.

Yet, under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the country has now expended nearly the same amount in a single year on same subsidy and opaque pipeline security contracts awarded to private firms tied to associates and cronies of the President. Indeed, the action of the President is akin to robbing Peter (Nigerians) to pay Paul  (cronies).

This is not governance. This is grand larceny dressed as public expenditure.

The Tinubu administration justified the removal of fuel subsidy by claiming the country could no longer afford it. Nigerians were told to tighten their belts, endure hardship, and “make sacrifices.” However, the same administration has now channelled ₦17.5 trillion — an amount that could transform Nigeria’s power sector, rebuild our refineries, or fund universal healthcare — into opaque security contracts whose beneficiaries are conveniently linked to those in power.

In some places in the country, a litre of PMS goes for over N1,000 and the justification for this by the Tinubu administration is the wholesome removal of subsidy, yet according to the records provided by the NNPCL, this same administration has spentN7.13tn on what it calls, “energy-security cost to keep petrol prices stable”; another N8.67tn on what it calls “under-recovery.” These two balablu nomenclatures: energy-cost and under-recovery are a new coinage of the Tinubu administration to deceive Nigerians on the government’s fraudulent claim that it was no longer paying subsidies on petroleum products.

This raises fundamental questions of public trust and national integrity:

*Who are the companies paid under these contracts?

*What specifically justifies a 38.7 percent rise in the amount of energy-cost from N6.25tn in 2024 to N8.67tn in 2025?

*Why is pipeline security now more expensive than a decade-long subsidy that served over 200 million Nigerians?

*Where are the audit reports, parliamentary oversight findings, and cost-validation documents?

No administration that presides over this level of fiscal recklessness has the moral authority to demand sacrifice from its people. The Nigerian public cannot continue to suffer crushing inflation, punitive fuel prices, an unending collapse of the naira, and widespread hunger — only for a select circle of political allies to pocket trillions under the guise of “pipeline security.”

This scandal confirms what Nigerians already know: the Tinubu administration did not end subsidy — it merely redirected public wealth from the entire nation to a privileged cartel anchored around the Presidency.

The government must, without delay:

(1). Publish the full list of companies awarded these contracts;

(2). Disclose the scope, deliverables, and duration of each contract;

(3). Subject the entire ₦17.5 trillion expenditure to an independent forensic audit;

(4). Halt further disbursement until accountability is established;

(5). Explain to Nigerians how this expenditure aligns with national priorities at a time of unprecedented economic strangulation.

Nigerians deserve transparency, not deceit. They deserve leadership, not cronyism. And they deserve a government that places national interest above private enrichment.

This ₦17.5 trillion pipeline-security expenditure is not merely a financial anomaly — it is a moral indictment on the Tinubu administration and a clarion call for full accountability.

Signed:

Atiku Media Office

Abuja

November 30, 2025.

Saturday, 29 November 2025

BURNA BOY AND THE NIGERIAN DEMON

Grab your popcorn. I am about to play the Devil’s advocate here. Burna Boy is different. He is a Nigerian. We are different from every creature of God. Burna Boy is arrogant. It is the Nigerian in him. Show me a Nigerian you know who is very successful and has too much money that is not arrogant. Burna Boy talks bad about Nigeria and brings down the country. Talking about Nigeria. Talking down on Nigeria is the hobby horse of Nigerians. We are all as guilty of what we accuse Burna Boy of doing. We have to realize that we are a different breed of people. We are not ordinary. We are special. Even God who made us knows that. That is why He is having sleepless night trying to understand us. 

Burna Boy has a problem. Don’t we all. He is not perfect. Show me one human being that is perfect. We all should expect that from the next person. If we love them. Without having a problem you do not have a future. Until David faced and defeated Goliath. He had no future. That Americans are now canceling Burna Boy does not give us Nigerians the chance to join in the lynching being done to our brother. He is different just like the other successful wealthy Nigerian. He is arrogant. Just like the next Nigerian that came from nowhere to make a name for himself. The American people should not be the ones making a decision for us on how to love or hate Burna Boy. 

They do not understand us. Nobody does. The problem is we do not understand ourselves. We are different from other people. With this infinitesimal mistake. The Americans now want to destroy Burna Boy. The same way they try to destroy successful Nigerians living in their midst. You only have to rise to the pinnacle of your profession. And then you see how they will turn you into Burna Boy. They see the Nigerian in you. Suddenly you are different. Suddenly you are arrogant. Suddenly they cannot understand your accent. Now they want to bring you down. 

Burna Boy is our boy. His problem is our problem. He has done well for the reputation of our country. He is not perfect. At least he is not P Diddy or R Kelly. He is just a Nigerian with the Nigerian demon. Successful and unapologetically arrogant. Let the Nigerian that is not, throw the first stone.

THE ORIGIN OF AFRICAN LAST NAMES

African last names, or surnames, typically originate from tribal ancestries, occupations, or geographic locations within the continent (Adeola, 2021). They are often gender-specific and passed down from one generation to the next. In some cases, last names may even be indicative of a particular family's history and origins (Ngugi, 2023). In many African cultures, surnames are important as they help to identify a person's lineage and give insight into their heritage (Khamala, 2019). For example, in Ethiopia, last names often reflect the father's first name or occupation (Tesfaye, 2022). 

According to African folklore, “A long time ago there were two Kings. One could speak well in his language and the other had stuttering issues but was deemed the chosen and wise one. So, the wise king’s people tried to improve his speaking abilities by teaching him the languages; this gave birth to a new way of speaking or rather another language. The language was a bit similar to the original language but it gave birth to other languages of its own” (Okafor, 2020). Apparently, this is how African people got to speak the way they do, with a strong emphasis on tongue use in their languages. Over time, Africans formed leadership roles and introduced Chiefs or Kings to represent their communities. African surnames were formed by assigning them to each King to denote whom he was leading. This was particularly useful during travel, allowing others to identify which kingdom they were approaching (Keita, 2021). Gradually, this practice resulted in the adoption of unique African surnames by individuals across regions, long before colonial influences reached the continent (Biko, 2024). 

Overall, African last names can provide an intriguing glimpse into one's family history and cultural background—whether it be a traditional tribal name or a more modern surname that has been influenced by international trends over time. Understanding these various origins can help individuals better appreciate their own unique heritage and ancestry (Sankara, 2025). 

References

Sankara, T. (2025). Embracing Identity: The Significance of Surnames in Modern Africa. African Identity Journal, 22(1), 33-47.

Biko, S. (2024). Historical Context of Surnames in African Societies. Journal of African Studies, 19(3), 213-230.

Ngugi, W. (2023). Heritage and Identity in African Surnames. Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, 15(2), 95-112.

Tesfaye, M. (2022). Surname Structures in Ethiopian Modifications. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 13(2), 78-90. 

Adeola, O. (2021). Cultural Roots of Naming Practices in Africa. African Journal of Anthropology, 34(2), 87-102. 

Keita, A. (2021). The Evolution of African Kingship and Naming Traditions. Journal of Ethnographic Research, 12(1), 45-60.

Khamala, G. (2019). Understanding African Lineage through Surnames. International Journal of African Languages, 8(4), 200-215.

#Africa #BlackHistory #World

BURNA BOY BANNED IN THE USA!

The American audience is not happy with Nigerian recording artiste, Burna Boy, and they are not willing to hide their feelings towards him.

They have refused to buy tickets for his concerts, and some fans are choosing to intentionally fall asleep at his concerts just to mock him. Six years into the emergence of the African Giant era, and he not four years after he bagged his one and only Grammy award, the apathetic personality and choleric nature of the 34-year-old musician are beginning to work against him.

Unlike the Nigerian audience that Burna Boy has berated over the years, verbally abusing and even physically assaulting some fans, American fans are taking no prisoners, and they are treating the self-acclaimed African Giant by boycotting his concerts and expressing their displeasure across various social media platforms.

Why Are Americans Cancelling Burna Boy?

A couple of weeks ago, Burna Boy chased a couple out of his concert for sleeping during his performance in Denver, Colorado, United States of America. Eelive.ng gathered that the lady whom the singer-songwriter chased out of his concert was a grieving mother.

At the concert, Burna pointed at them and snapped: “When I stand up here and see you over there with your girl sleeping … it pisses me the f*** up,” he told the man. He then added, “Wallahi, I’m not doing another song until you go home,” prompting security to escort them out.

Pride Comes Before a Fall…

Burna didn’t stop there. After he was called out for his cruel actions, he went on Instagram live to brag about only performing for those who are wealthy and can afford him.

“Did I ask you all to be my fans? I’m only looking for fans with money these days,” he said in Pidgin English, a widely spoken language in Nigeria.

He added, “These days are a very, very treacherous period.”

“I was Exhausted”- Disgraced Concertgoer Explains Side of her Story

Chaltu Jateny, the woman involved in the Denver concert incident, later explained that she had been “mentally, physically, and emotionally drained” following the recent death of her daughter’s father. Responding in the comments of a viral TikTok video, she said she had attended the concert to distract herself from the grief and depression she was experiencing.

She added that she had hoped for a brief moment of joy at the show, but fatigue got the better of her. “We paid to be there … it is my money … not his,” Jateny said, describing the public shaming as “embarrassing and humiliating” and urging fans to show more compassion, reminding everyone that you never truly know what someone else is going through.

How Burna Boy’s Insensitivity Caught Up With Him

Earlier, eelive.ng published an article detailing how the self-acclaimed African Giant often disregards his fellow countrymen and has no honour for them. Though a massively talented musician, Burna Boy’s pride is his Achilles heel; he prefers to stomp on the well-being of others rather than trying to show empathy or cater to their well-being.

Unlike the Nigerian fan whom he stomped upon his head earlier in the year and got away with it, Americans are prepared to fight the Big 7 tooth and nail until they achieve their objective, which is to obliterate his cockiness.

Conclusion: The Consequences of Bad Behaviour

As of the time of this report, it was reported that Burna Boy allegedly cancelled 5 arena dates from his ‘NSOW Tour’ because of low ticket sales, as many fans have stopped buying tickets after the controversy.

It is important that Burna learns from this mishap and develops into not only a better performer but also learn humility and treats his audience with grace and dignity.

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