Egypt’s history has seen numerous waves of migration and conquest—from the Hyksos, Persians, and Greeks to the Arabs and Turks—leading to significant genetic mixing and population replacement over millennia.
Each wave introduced new genetic and cultural elements that diluted or replaced earlier populations.
• HYKSOS rule over Egypt: c. 1650–1550 B.C. (Second Intermediate Period).
• KUSHITE (25th Dynasty) rule over Egypt: c. 744–656 B.C.
• ASSYRIAN rule over Egypt: c. 677–655 B.C.
• PERSIAN rule over Egypt: 525–404 B.C. (First Persian Period) and 343–332 B.C. (Second Persian Period).
• GREEK (Ptolemaic) rule over Egypt: 332–30 B.C.
• ROMAN rule over Egypt: 30 B.C.–c. 641 A.D.
• ARAB rule over Egypt: c. 641 A.D.–868 A.D. (Following the Muslim conquest).
The first Turkish dynasty in Egypt was established by Ibn Tulun, who arrived in 868 A.D.
Since then, Turkish influence has been a prominent part of Egypt’s history.
• TURK (Mamluke) rule over Egypt: c. 1250 A.D. - 1516 A.D.
• OTTOMAN TURK rule over Egypt: c. 1516 A.D. - 1918.
It is estimated that over 90% of Egyptians identify culturally and linguistically as Arabs, a result of the Arabization that followed the 7th-century Muslim conquest.
As of August 2024, Egypt’s population is around 114.6 million, meaning approximately 103.1 million Egyptians identify as Arabs.
The genetics of modern Egyptian individuals comprises four distinct ancestry components that sum up to 75% on average.
Egyptians have a Middle Eastern, a European/Eurasian, a North African and an East African component with 27%, 24%, 15% and 9% relative influence, respectively.
27% Arab
24% Turk/Mamluke
15% North African (Mozabite/Amazigh)
9% East African (Oromo, Somali, Punt, Cushitic, Nilotic, Real Egyptians)
mtDNA sequencing revealed that modern Egyptians have haplogroups most frequently found in Europeans (e.g., H, V, T,J, etc.; >60%), Africans (e.g., L with 24.8%) or Asians/East Asians (e.g., M with 6.7%)
SOURCE;
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17964-1?fbclid=IwAR1C9jJqaC2B3fSnwc-1gC2f62iK6_b3GgZ9ulT0h9Ppy0r9_0Frh14_Qm4)
According to the study, the genetic composition of modern Egyptians is predominantly Arab, with 27% of their genetic ancestry attributed to Arab heritage.
This is the largest single component of their genetic makeup, which places Arab ancestry at the forefront of their overall genetic identity.
The study’s data clearly establishes Arab ancestry as the dominant genetic influence in modern Egyptians.
The 24% Turk/Mamluk component in the genetic ancestry of modern Egyptians is an important factor.
A full 51% of modern Egyptians’ ancestry is directly attributed to Arabs and Turks, comprising 27% Arab and 24% Turk/Mamluk.
Robert Davis, in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters, estimates that between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans, mainly whites, were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.
He also discusses the widespread practice of enslaving Europeans in North Africa, particularly from the 1530s to the 1780s.
The descendants of these white slaves (octoroons and quadroons) in North Africa often assert their ancestral ties to the region’s original inhabitants.
These assertions are utterly ridiculous, as the historical and genetic evidence clearly shows that their ancestors were either Arabs or captured and enslaved by Barbary pirates, not native to the region, making any claim of direct descent from the original inhabitants both unfounded and disconnected from the actual historical context.
#Africa #BlackHistory #World
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